{"id":1449,"date":"2017-06-13T09:20:50","date_gmt":"2017-06-13T07:20:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/?page_id=1449"},"modified":"2021-06-16T14:12:13","modified_gmt":"2021-06-16T12:12:13","slug":"vecny-popis-pro-bmc-se-zamerenim-na-indexaci-podle-mesh","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/archiv\/2017-22-1-2\/vecny-popis-pro-bmc-se-zamerenim-na-indexaci-podle-mesh\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u011bcn\u00fd popis pro BM\u010c se zam\u011b\u0159en\u00edm na indexaci podle MeSH"},"content":{"rendered":"

Radana Kodetov\u00e1, NLK<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu historie bylo v\u011bcn\u00e9 t\u00e9ma v\u00a0bibliografick\u00fdch z\u00e1znamech BM\u010c zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1no nejprve v\u00a0podob\u011b znak\u016f MDT. Pou\u017eit\u00ed MDT jako jedin\u00e9ho prvku v\u011bcn\u00e9ho po\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 tematiky se postupn\u011b uk\u00e1zalo b\u00fdt nevyhovuj\u00edc\u00ed. Jako v\u00fdhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1stroj pro v\u011bcn\u00e9 po\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch informac\u00ed se ve sv\u011bt\u011b prosadil \u0159\u00edzen\u00fd slovn\u00edk MeSH. Slovn\u00edk byl p\u0159elo\u017een do mnoha ciz\u00edch jazyk\u016f. Od roku 1973 je v\u00a0NLK p\u0159ekl\u00e1d\u00e1n i do \u010de\u0161tiny a od roku 1977 za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 b\u00fdt zkr\u00e1cen\u00e1 \u010desk\u00e1 verze MeSH vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na pr\u00e1v\u011b pro zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed BM\u010c. MeSH byl tak zvolen jako hlavn\u00ed prvek v\u011bcn\u00e9ho po\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed (i kdy\u017e jeho prosazen\u00ed v\u00a0\u010ceskoslovensku nebylo z\u0159ejm\u011b zcela jednoduch\u00e9). [2]<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"\"Bibliografick\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy jsou v\u00a0BM\u010c zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1ny na dvou \u00farovn\u00edch \u2013 monografick\u00e9, seri\u00e1lov\u00e9 a na \u00farovni analytick\u00e9.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0roce 2006 do\u0161lo z\u00a0praktick\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f k\u00a0odd\u011blen\u00ed t\u011bchto dvou \u00farovn\u00ed do dvou samostatn\u00fdch datab\u00e1z\u00ed. V\u011bcn\u00fd popis monografi\u00ed, seri\u00e1l\u016f se tak prov\u00e1d\u00ed v\u00a0datab\u00e1zi Medvik 21, \u010dl\u00e1nky jsou v\u011bcn\u011b popisov\u00e1ny v\u00a0datab\u00e1zi Bibliomedica.[2] Indexace podle MeSH se u t\u011bchto dvou \u00farovn\u00ed adekv\u00e1tn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Indexace podle MeSH<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"MeSH je \u0159\u00edzen\u00fd slovn\u00edk ur\u010den\u00fd pro zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, po\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed a vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed biomedic\u00ednsk\u00fdch informac\u00ed. Indexace podle MeSH je potom vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed obsahu dokumentu (\u010dl\u00e1nku) pomoc\u00ed prvk\u016f MeSH s\u00a0c\u00edlem zp\u011btn\u00e9ho vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Origin\u00e1ln\u00ed MeSH vznikl v\u00a0roce 1960 v\u00a0americk\u00e9 Bethesd\u011b. Jeho z\u00e1kladn\u00edm stavebn\u00edm prvkem je deskriptor. Prvn\u00ed jeho vyd\u00e1n\u00ed obsahovalo okolo 4.400 deskriptor\u016f rozd\u011blen\u00fdch do 4 kategori\u00ed. [1] Index\u00e1to\u0159i v\u00a0NLK aktu\u00e1ln\u011b pracuj\u00ed s\u00a0\u010deskou verz\u00ed MeSH 2017, kter\u00e1 obsahuje 28\u00a0472 deskriptor\u016f rozd\u011blen\u00fdch do 16 kategori\u00ed. Pro pr\u00e1ci vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed bu\u010f MeSH – CZ v pokro\u010dil\u00e9m hled\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0port\u00e1lu Medvik nebo MeSH – CZ v\u00a0syst\u00e9mu DAWINCI, kde v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 datab\u00e1zi p\u0159\u00edmo vyb\u00edraj\u00ed a vkl\u00e1daj\u00ed deskriptory a podhesla do p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch pol\u00ed (650, 651, 653, 655). Zp\u016fsob jejich pr\u00e1ce se li\u0161\u00ed adekv\u00e1tn\u011b jejich pot\u0159eb\u00e1m a pot\u0159eb\u00e1m analyzovan\u00fdch text\u016f. Shoda je v\u00a0tom, \u017ee u jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed indexace se vcelku dob\u0159e pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 MeSH v\u00a0syst\u00e9mu DAWINCI. U slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch t\u00e9mat (zejm\u00e9na u analytick\u00e9ho popisu \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f) index\u00e1to\u0159i pracuj\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e s\u00a0MeSH v\u00a0port\u00e1lu Medvik z\u00a0d\u016fvodu v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ehlednosti \u00fadaj\u016f k deskriptor\u016fm. U velmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u00fdch t\u00e9mat nen\u00ed neobvykl\u00e9, \u017ee si index\u00e1tor na\u010drtne indexaci na pap\u00edr, teprve potom deskriptory vkl\u00e1d\u00e1 do syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n

Metodika pr\u00e1ce s\u00a0MeSH a nast\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed problematiky indexace<\/strong><\/p>\n

Zd\u00e1lo by se, \u017ee p\u0159i indexov\u00e1n\u00ed nen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd probl\u00e9m. Je k dispozici \u0159\u00edzen\u00fd slovn\u00edk MeSH s\u00a0bohat\u00fdm v\u00fdrazivem v\u00a0podob\u011b deskriptor\u016f, podhesel a SCRs. Mus\u00ed b\u00fdt tedy naprosto jednoduch\u00e9 slovn\u00edk pou\u017e\u00edvat pro jak\u00fdkoli dokument nebo \u010dl\u00e1nek. Praxe v\u0161ak ukazuje, \u017ee i index\u00e1tor s\u00a0dlouholetou prax\u00ed si ne v\u017edy mus\u00ed v\u011bd\u011bt rady a vlastn\u011b nev\u00ed, co pro vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho obsahu textu zvolit. Jak nap\u0159. popsat t\u00e9ma, pro kter\u00fd mu v\u00a0MeSH chyb\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed deskriptor?<\/p>\n

V\u00a0NLK se index\u00e1to\u0159i p\u0159i pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed MeSH \u0159\u00edd\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b metodikou MeSH\/MEDLINE, kter\u00e1 se zrcadl\u00ed v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch z\u00e1znamech deskriptor\u016f a podhesel. Tyto z\u00e1znamy obsahuj\u00ed ve\u0161ker\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 informace pro spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed deskriptor\u016f\/podhesel. Jsou to nap\u0159. definice, anotace, koncepty, synonyma, souvisej\u00edc\u00ed term\u00edny, povolen\u00e1 podhesla k deskriptor\u016fm, zat\u0159\u00edd\u011bn\u00ed do hierarchick\u00e9 stromov\u00e9 struktury apod. V\u00a0r\u00e1mci zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 metodiky index\u00e1tor respektuje celou \u0159adu dal\u0161\u00edch pravidel, jako nap\u0159. uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed deskriptor\u016f \u2013 check tag\u016f (n\u011bkter\u00e9 z\u00a0nich je t\u0159eba u\u017e\u00edvat t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 rutinn\u011b, nap\u0159. LID\u00c9, ZV\u00cd\u0158ATA), deskriptor\u016f \u2013 publika\u010dn\u00edch typ\u016f \u010di deskriptor\u016f pro zem\u011bpisn\u00e9 n\u00e1zvy. Metodika MeSH\/MEDLINE d\u00e1v\u00e1 i p\u0159\u00edklady zp\u016fsob\u016f kombinov\u00e1n\u00ed deskriptor\u016f s\u00a0deskriptory \u010di deskriptor\u016f s\u00a0podhesly s\u00a0c\u00edlem zajistit maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed shodu indexace s\u00a0obsahem analyzovan\u00e9ho textu. D\u00e1le db\u00e1 na rozli\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed hlavn\u00edho t\u00e9matu od vedlej\u0161\u00edch t\u00e9mat a poukazuje na hierarchickou stromovou strukturu a vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed nad\u0159azen\u00fdch a pod\u0159azen\u00fdch deskriptor\u016f adekv\u00e1tn\u011b t\u00e9mat\u016fm. Pro pr\u00e1ci s\u00a0podhesly upozor\u0148uje na pravidlo pou\u017eit\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u011b 3 podhesel (v\u00fdjimky potvrzuj\u00ed pravidlo) a v\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0n\u00edm i na podhesla nad\u0159azen\u00e1, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby sdru\u017eovat v\u00edce podhesel pod jedno. Neexistuje-li pro po\u017eadovan\u00fd term\u00edn deskriptor MeSH, vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 index\u00e1tor dopl\u0148kovou datab\u00e1z\u00ed SCRs, kter\u00e1 obsahuje mno\u017estv\u00ed chemik\u00e1li\u00ed, l\u00e9\u010div\u00fdch l\u00e1tek, n\u011bkter\u00e9 vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 nemoci a terapeutick\u00e9 protokoly, a u ka\u017ed\u00e9ho term\u00ednu je n\u00e1vod, jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem ho indexovat. Pokud index\u00e1tor nen\u00ed \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd ani zde, sna\u017e\u00ed se k\u00a0hledan\u00e9mu term\u00ednu naj\u00edt nejv\u00edce v\u00fdsti\u017en\u00fd deskriptor a p\u0159id\u011blit kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 slovo (pole 653). A pokud si u\u017e v\u016fbec nev\u00ed rady, jde pro inspiraci do datab\u00e1ze MEDLINE, v\u00a0n\u00ed\u017e vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1 ji\u017e oindexovan\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky s\u00a0podobnou tematikou. Nen\u00ed toho v\u016fbec m\u00e1lo, co je t\u0159eba p\u0159i p\u0159id\u011blen\u00ed deskriptoru br\u00e1t v\u00a0\u00favahu. Nav\u00edc u n\u011bkter\u00fdch deskriptor\u016f jsou \u00fadaje k\u00a0jejich pou\u017eit\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b jasn\u00e9 a srozumiteln\u00e9. Nap\u0159. u deskriptoru EXPERIMENTY NA ZV\u00cd\u0158ATECH je zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed, \u017ee deskriptor je za\u0159azen ve stromu E05 v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 techniky. Pokud se ale pod\u00edv\u00e1me do anotace deskriptoru, zjist\u00edme informaci, \u017ee tento deskriptor se m\u00e1 pou\u017e\u00edt pro mor\u00e1ln\u00ed, pr\u00e1vn\u00ed, etick\u00e9, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 aspekty experiment\u016f na zv\u00ed\u0159atech, a nikoli rutinn\u011b p\u0159id\u00e1vat u specifick\u00fdch v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch studi\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se zv\u00ed\u0159at. Pro \u010desk\u00e9ho index\u00e1tora tento deskriptor v\u0161ak na prvn\u00ed \u201eposlech\u201c m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt trochu jin\u00fd v\u00fdznam a je zmaten, pokud se pod\u00edv\u00e1 na za\u0159azen\u00ed deskriptoru ve stromu a k\u00a0tomu si p\u0159e\u010dte informace ve zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9\u00a0anotaci deskriptoru. Takov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f se v\u00a0b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 praxi s\u00a0MeSH nab\u00edz\u00ed v\u00edce. V\u00a0jin\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech zase index\u00e1tor nen\u00ed schopen automaticky p\u0159id\u011blit z\u00e1sadn\u00ed deskriptor z d\u016fvodu, \u017ee v MeSH je \u0159ada deskriptor\u016f zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch \u010dist\u011b na americk\u00fd syst\u00e9m zdravotnictv\u00ed. Nap\u0159. existuje deskriptor MINISTERSTVO ZDRAVOTNICTV\u00cd USA, ale pro Ministerstvo zdravotnictv\u00ed \u010cR maj\u00ed index\u00e1to\u0159i NLK intern\u00ed domluvu, \u017ee indexuj\u00ed pomoc\u00ed deskriptoru \u0158\u00cdZEN\u00cd VE\u0158EJN\u00c9HO ZDRAV\u00cd. Obdobn\u011b nap\u0159. tematiku \u00fahrady slu\u017eeb ve zdravotnictv\u00ed indexujeme pomoc\u00ed deskriptoru POSKYTOV\u00c1N\u00cd ZDRAVOTN\u00cd P\u00c9\u010cE a nikoli deskriptorem \u00daHRADA SLU\u017dEB MEDICARE. V\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0nejasnostmi a r\u016fznostmi v\u00a0ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed pozn\u00e1mek k\u00a0deskriptor\u016fm v MeSH je t\u0159eba si tak\u00e9 uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee slovn\u00edk MeSH se sice p\u0159ekl\u00e1d\u00e1, ale nen\u00ed (a dlouho nebude) p\u0159elo\u017een kompletn\u011b se v\u0161emi definicemi a pozn\u00e1mkami, tak\u017ee nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 pochopen\u00ed definice deskriptoru m\u016f\u017ee vzniknout ji\u017e v\u00a0d\u016fsledku jin\u00e9ho pochopen\u00ed anglick\u00e9 definice index\u00e1torem. I to je re\u00e1ln\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Rozd\u00edly v indexaci monografi\u00ed a \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f<\/strong><\/p>\n

Jak bylo uvedeno na za\u010d\u00e1tku, indexace monografi\u00ed a \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f je odli\u0161n\u00e1. Z\u00e1sadn\u00ed rozd\u00edl spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v\u00a0hloubce indexace. Zjednodu\u0161en\u011b lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee indexace monografi\u00ed v\u00a0MeSH vy\u017eaduje zejm\u00e9na deskriptory pro obory a m\u00e9n\u011b specifick\u00e9 term\u00edny (pokud mo\u017eno bez podhesel). Indexace \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f naopak pot\u0159ebuje i velmi specifick\u00e9 deskriptory \u010dasto kombinovan\u00e9 s\u00a0podhesly a deskriptory pro obory pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jen v\u00a0omezen\u00e9m po\u010dtu p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f. Dal\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdrazn\u00fdm rozd\u00edlem je, \u017ee p\u0159i indexaci monografi\u00ed se nepou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed deskriptory check tagy \u017dENSK\u00c9\/MU\u017dSK\u00c9 POHLAV\u00cd, zat\u00edmco p\u0159i indexaci \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f se bez t\u011bchto deskriptor\u016f v\u00a0souladu s\u00a0pravidly MeSH\/MEDLINE a po\u017eadavky re\u0161er\u0161\u00ed nelze obej\u00edt (nap\u0159. v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b kazuistik, klinick\u00fdch studi\u00ed, problematiky t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed, mu\u017esk\u00fdch a \u017eensk\u00fdch nemoc\u00ed). P\u0159i analytick\u00e9m popisu \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f je velk\u00fd prostor pro vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 sla\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed deskriptor\u016f s\u00a0podhesly a deskriptor\u016f navz\u00e1jem pro \u00fa\u010dely vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed prakticky jak\u00e9hokoli t\u00e9matu \u010dl\u00e1nku. Rovn\u011b\u017e po\u010det p\u0159id\u011blen\u00fdch deskriptor\u016f je proti monografick\u00e9 \u00farovni zpravidla vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed. U obou \u00farovn\u00ed ale indexace zahrnuje p\u0159id\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed deskriptor\u016f \u2013 publika\u010dn\u00edch typ\u016f, deskriptor\u016f zem\u011bpisn\u00fdch n\u00e1zv\u016f a v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby uveden\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch slov. Zna\u010dn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st v\u00a0textu uveden\u00fdch problematick\u00fdch okruh\u016f se t\u00fdk\u00e1 indexace \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f, ale i u monografi\u00ed se index\u00e1tor setk\u00e1v\u00e1 nap\u0159. s\u00a0nedostate\u010dn\u00fdm pokryt\u00edm deskriptory MeSH zejm. v\u00a0oblasti sociologie, v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 legislativy, ekonomiky, managementu a \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Dlouh\u00e1 l\u00e9ta chyb\u00ed nap\u0159. velmi pot\u0159ebn\u00fd deskriptor adiktologie \u010di by se p\u0159i indexaci grant\u016f hodil specifick\u00fd deskriptor diagnostick\u00fd algoritmus apod. – oba term\u00edny byly navr\u017eeny na deskriptor a r\u00fdsuje se mo\u017enost, \u017ee se objev\u00ed v\u00a0MeSH 2018. Na \u00farovni monografi\u00ed se naopak velmi dob\u0159e indexuje nap\u0159. tematika psychologie a molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed biologie.<\/p>\n

Intern\u00ed pravidla indexace NLK a snaha o jednotnost p\u0159i indexaci<\/strong><\/p>\n

Lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee soub\u011b\u017en\u011b s pou\u017e\u00edvanou\u00a0metodikou MeSH\/MEDLINE se v\u00a0NLK v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu let \u00fam\u011brn\u011b praktick\u00fdm pot\u0159eb\u00e1m utv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed intern\u00ed pravidla NLK pro pr\u00e1ci s\u00a0MeSH se snahou doc\u00edlit ur\u010dit\u00e9ho stupn\u011b jednotnosti p\u0159i indexaci. V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b st\u00e1le se zvy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edho po\u010dtu deskriptor\u016f s\u00a0ka\u017edou aktualizac\u00ed MeSH je to b\u011bh na dlouhou tra\u0165. Ale za pokus to stoj\u00ed. Za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edk index\u00e1tor zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fd na analytick\u00fd popis \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f se tak nap\u0159. dozv\u00ed, \u017ee v\u00a0NLK se indexuj\u00ed odborn\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky z\u00a0periodik (plus biografie, nekrology, rozhovory), \u010dl\u00e1nky ze sborn\u00edk\u016f, refer\u00e1ty z\u00a0konferenc\u00ed uve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e9 ve sborn\u00edc\u00edch nebo \u010dasopisech, vybran\u00e9 kapitoly z\u00a0knih apod. Naopak se neindexuj\u00ed nap\u0159. \u00favodn\u00edky (pokud nejsou z\u00e1rove\u0148 \u00favodn\u00edm odborn\u00fdm \u010dl\u00e1nkem), kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy, z\u00e1pisy ze sch\u016fz\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed a komor, kter\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161\u00ed organiza\u010dn\u00ed probl\u00e9my, d\u00e1le pak abstrakta, koment\u00e1\u0159e, recenze apod. Tato pravidla vypl\u00fdvaj\u00ed z\u00a0praktick\u00fdch pot\u0159eb NLK a jsou d\u00e1na mj. charakterem odeb\u00edran\u00fdch \u010dasopis\u016f. Dal\u0161\u00ed inspirac\u00ed pro jednotnou indexaci je Indexa\u010dn\u00ed zpravodaj, kter\u00fd vych\u00e1z\u00ed na webu NLK. V\u00a0n\u011bm jsou obsa\u017eeny rubriky jako nap\u0159. Jak indexovat t\u00e9ma? (obsahuje z\u00e1kladn\u00ed vzory pro obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b \u0159e\u0161iteln\u00e1 praktick\u00e1 t\u00e9mata), Rozli\u0161ovat deskriptory (s c\u00edlem zamezit zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed indexaci), Deskriptory, kter\u00e9 se hod\u00ed (vyp\u00edchnut\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch deskriptor\u016f pou\u017eiteln\u00fdch pro konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed t\u00e9mata) a jin\u00e9. Problematick\u00e9 okruhy t\u00e9mat, jejich\u017e n\u011bkter\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edklady byly uvedeny v\u00fd\u0161e v\u00a0textu, \u0159e\u0161\u00ed index\u00e1to\u0159i i na spole\u010dn\u00fdch sch\u016fzk\u00e1ch. Vedou se i dal\u0161\u00ed diskuze s\u00a0p\u0159ekladatelkami MeSH a re\u0161er\u0161\u00e9ry. Pod\u00e1vaj\u00ed se n\u00e1vrhy na nov\u00e9 deskriptory, p\u0159\u00edp. na hierarchick\u00e9 zm\u011bny MeSH do Bethesdy. V\u00a0\u0159ad\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f je zaznamen\u00e1n \u00fasp\u011bch a index\u00e1to\u0159i jsou pot\u011b\u0161eni, kdy\u017e se pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 deskriptory objev\u00ed v\u00a0nov\u00e9 verzi MeSH. V\u00a0roce 2016 byl nap\u0159. velmi diskutov\u00e1n pojem \u201ecelulitida\u201c. MeSH nab\u00edzel \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro tento pojem TUKOV\u00c1 TK\u00c1\u0147 \/podheslo patologie + OBEZITA. Tento zp\u016fsob se p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nepotk\u00e1val s\u00a0odezvou i s\u00a0ohledem na re\u0161er\u0161e (kdo by celulitidu hledal pod uveden\u00fdmi deskriptory?). Index\u00e1to\u0159i tuto problematiku \u0159e\u0161ili r\u016fzn\u011b, z\u00e1znamy v BM\u010c byly indexov\u00e1ny i pomoc\u00ed deskriptoru CELULITIS. Na prvn\u00ed poslech je tento deskriptor pojmu celulitida bl\u00edzk\u00fd, ale znamen\u00e1 zcela n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho, tak\u017ee indexace byla v\u00a0t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edpadech zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed. Bylo dohodnuto indexovat dle metodiky MeSH\/MEDLINE a pou\u017e\u00edt v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 2 deskriptory spolu s kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm slovem \u201ecelulitida\u201c a nepou\u017e\u00edvat deskriptor CELULITIS. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 byl pod\u00e1n n\u00e1vrh na nov\u00fd deskriptor CELULITIDA, kter\u00fd se skute\u010dn\u011b jako deskriptor objevil ve verzi MeSH 2017. Za p\u0159ipom\u00ednku stoj\u00ed i to, \u017ee nemal\u00fd pod\u00edl na p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed k jednotnosti indexace m\u00e1 i kvalitn\u00ed p\u0159eklad MeSH a snahy p\u0159ekladatelek o jeho revizi.<\/p>\n

Prol\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed metodiky MeSH s\u00a0intern\u00edmi pravidly indexace NLK<\/strong><\/p>\n

Index\u00e1to\u0159i NLK se dr\u017e\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b uveden\u00e9 origin\u00e1ln\u00ed metodiky MeSH, ale praxe s\u00a0sebou nese \u0159adu p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f, kdy metodiku striktn\u011b dodr\u017eovat nelze. Nap\u0159. deskriptory \u2013 publika\u010dn\u00ed typy V\u00ddUKOV\u00c9 TESTY a TABULKY by se dle \u00fadaj\u016f u t\u011bchto deskriptor\u016f v\u00a0analytick\u00e9m popisu nem\u011bly pou\u017e\u00edvat. V\u00a0\u010desk\u00fdch l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch \u010dasopisech se v\u0161ak pom\u011brn\u011b \u010dasto v\u00fdukov\u00e9 testy objevuj\u00ed. Zrovna tak \u00a0\u010dasopis Zpr\u00e1vy Centra epidemiologie a mikrobiologie obsahuje \u010dl\u00e1nky, jejich\u017e informace jsou p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b v\u00a0podob\u011b \u010d\u00edseln\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f a jsou uvedeny p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b jako tabulky.\u00a0Tak\u017ee se tyto a dal\u0161\u00ed deskriptory v\u00a0NLK b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Co dodat na z\u00e1v\u011br?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nezasv\u011bcen\u00fdm m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ipadat, \u017ee indexace podle MeSH je nudn\u00e1 a bez v\u00fdznamu, nicm\u00e9n\u011b je mo\u017en\u00e9 oponovat. Je to mnohdy dobrodru\u017en\u00e1 a\u017e detektivn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce. Na jednu stranu \u201eomezovan\u00e1\u201c pravidly, na druhou stranu je to velmi tv\u016fr\u010d\u00ed proces vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed zejm\u00e9na vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed, intuici, cit pro jazyk a text, jazykovou vybavenost (zejm\u00e9na angli\u010dtinou), v\u00fddr\u017e, pe\u010dlivost a schopnost spolupr\u00e1ce. Nav\u00edc, index\u00e1to\u0159i jsou tvorov\u00e9 i velmi sout\u011b\u017eiv\u00ed. D\u00e1le je to pak pr\u00e1ce velmi v\u00fdznamn\u00e1, zejm\u00e9na\u00a0pro na\u0161e odd\u011blen\u00ed re\u0161er\u0161\u00ed, pro kter\u00e9 jsou deskriptory MeSH jedn\u00edm (ale d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm) z\u00a0vyhled\u00e1vac\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f pro tvorbu kvalitn\u00edch re\u0161er\u0161\u00ed. A tak\u00e9 m\u00e1 nesm\u00edrn\u00fd soci\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159esah. V\u0161ichni jsme omyln\u00ed, ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u00e1me sv\u016fj n\u00e1zor na v\u011bc a v\u0161ichni se mus\u00edme domluvit. Ano, indexace podle MeSH nen\u00ed pro ka\u017ed\u00e9ho. Ale v\u00fdsledek stoj\u00ed za to.<\/p>\n

Vysv\u011btlivky<\/strong><\/p>\n

BM\u010c <\/strong>\u2013 Bibliographia medica \u010cechoslovaca, MDT<\/strong> \u2013 Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed desetinn\u00e9 t\u0159\u00edd\u011bn\u00ed, MeSH<\/strong> \u2013 Medical Subject Headings, MeSH \u2013 CZ<\/strong> \u2013 \u010desk\u00e1 verze MeSH, SCRs<\/strong>. \u2013 Supplementary Concept Records, MEDLINE<\/strong> \u2013 p\u0159edn\u00ed americk\u00e1 bibliografick\u00e1 datab\u00e1ze obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 23 milion\u016f odkaz\u016f na \u010dasopiseck\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b na biomedic\u00ednu.<\/p>\n

Literatura<\/strong><\/p>\n

[1] MAIXNEROV\u00c1, Lenka \u2014 BOUZKOV\u00c1, Helena \u2014 K\u0158\u00cd\u017d, Filip. \u010cesk\u00fd p\u0159eklad tezauru Medical Subject Headings a mo\u017enosti jeho vyu\u017eit\u00ed. In: MEDSOFT …: sborn\u00edk p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f. Praha : D\u016fm techniky \u010cSVTS, 1989-. 2015, s. 126-139. ISSN: cnb001577313.<\/p>\n

[2] MAIXNEROV\u00c1, Lenka \u2014 Z\u00c1VI\u0160KA, Michal \u2014 BOUZKOV\u00c1, Helena. Bibliographia medica \u010cechoslovaca sedmdes\u00e1tilet\u00e1. In: MEDSOFT …: sborn\u00edk p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f. Praha : D\u016fm techniky \u010cSVTS, 1989-. 2017, s. 149-163. ISSN: cnb001577313.<\/p>\n

\r\n

Citace<\/h2>\r\n

KODETOV\u00c1, Radana. . L\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e1 knihovna<\/i> [online]. 2017, ro\u010d. 22, \u010d. 1-2 [cit. 05.11.2026]. Dostupn\u00e9 z: https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1449<\/a>. ISSN 1804-2031.<\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Radana Kodetov\u00e1, NLK V\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu historie bylo v\u011bcn\u00e9 t\u00e9ma v\u00a0bibliografick\u00fdch z\u00e1znamech BM\u010c zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1no nejprve v\u00a0podob\u011b znak\u016f MDT. Pou\u017eit\u00ed MDT jako jedin\u00e9ho prvku v\u011bcn\u00e9ho po\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 tematiky se postupn\u011b uk\u00e1zalo b\u00fdt nevyhovuj\u00edc\u00ed. Jako v\u00fdhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1stroj pro v\u011bcn\u00e9 po\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch informac\u00ed se ve sv\u011bt\u011b prosadil \u0159\u00edzen\u00fd slovn\u00edk MeSH. Slovn\u00edk byl p\u0159elo\u017een do mnoha ciz\u00edch jazyk\u016f. Od roku 1973 je v\u00a0NLK p\u0159ekl\u00e1d\u00e1n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":0,"parent":1327,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[56,25],"class_list":["post-1449","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","tag-clanky","tag-mesh"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.6","language":"en","enabled_languages":["cs","en"],"languages":{"cs":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"en":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1449","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1449"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1449\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6175,"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1449\/revisions\/6175"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1327"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1449"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1449"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1449"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}