{"id":1554,"date":"2017-06-15T15:39:15","date_gmt":"2017-06-15T13:39:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/?page_id=1554"},"modified":"2017-12-07T12:33:48","modified_gmt":"2017-12-07T11:33:48","slug":"clovek-v-nahradach","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/archiv\/2017-22-1-2\/clovek-v-nahradach\/","title":{"rendered":"\u010clov\u011bk v n\u00e1hrad\u00e1ch"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0160imon Kr\u00fdsl, Zdravotnick\u00e9 muzeum NLK<\/strong><\/p>\n

Od 10. dubna 2017 do konce \u00fanora p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edho roku je ve velk\u00e9m s\u00e1le N\u00e1rodn\u00edho technick\u00e9ho muzea otev\u0159ena v\u00fdstava \u010clov\u011bk v\u00a0n\u00e1hrad\u00e1ch: technika slou\u017e\u00ed medic\u00edn\u011b. Na koncepci a p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b v\u00fdstavy spolupracovalo Zdravotnick\u00e9 muzeum N\u00e1rodn\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 knihovny, N\u00e1rodn\u00ed technick\u00e9 muzeum a Univerzita Karlova. V\u00fdstava p\u0159edstavuje jak historii, tak sou\u010dasnost technologick\u00fdch n\u00e1hrad lidsk\u00e9ho t\u011bla: od prot\u00e9z doln\u00edch i horn\u00edch kon\u010detin, p\u0159es n\u00e1hrady zraku a sluchu, \u010dinnosti srdce a plic, po dialyza\u010dn\u00ed c\u00edvky a dal\u0161\u00ed historick\u00e9 i soudob\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstroje k\u00a0n\u00e1hrad\u011b funkce ledvin. Sv\u00e9 odborn\u00e9 znalosti do n\u00ed vlo\u017eily des\u00edtky odborn\u00edk\u016f z\u00a0l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch fakult Univerzity Karlovy, \u010cVUT, \u010cesk\u00e9 akademie v\u011bd i Masarykovy univerzity, stejn\u011b jako pracovn\u00edci \u0159ady spole\u010dnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se v\u00a0\u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00edch zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed v\u00fdrobou \u010di dovozem protetick\u00fdch n\u00e1hrad a jejich sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed v\u00a0nej\u0161ir\u0161\u00edm slova smyslu. Expon\u00e1ty, kresby i videa poskytlo v\u00edce ne\u017e \u0161edes\u00e1t zap\u016fj\u010ditel\u016f.<\/p>\n

\"\"

\u00dapln\u00e1 prot\u00e9za nohy dle n\u00e1vrhu pra\u017esk\u00e9ho profesora chirurgie Augusta Hermanna (1828-1874) z roku 1868 (NLK)<\/p><\/div><\/p>\n

Architekt Ing. Vladim\u00edr Kos\u00edk v\u00fdstavu koncipoval jako soustavu barevn\u011b odli\u0161en\u00fdch bun\u011bk. Povinn\u00fd sm\u011br proch\u00e1zen\u00ed v\u00fdstavou ur\u010den nen\u00ed: tak jako v\u00a0lidsk\u00e9m t\u011ble souvis\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fd org\u00e1n a ka\u017ed\u00e1 funkce se v\u0161emi ostatn\u00edmi, stejn\u011b tak m\u016f\u017ee n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edk, kter\u00fd do v\u00fdstavy vstoup\u00ed, pokra\u010dovat z\u00a0jedn\u00e9 bu\u0148ky do \u0159ady dal\u0161\u00edch, vracet se a prohl\u00ed\u017eet si expon\u00e1ty, fotografie i kresby z\u00a0jin\u00fdch perspektiv a stran. Dv\u011b \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed m\u00edstnosti v\u00fdstava nicm\u00e9n\u011b m\u00e1. Prvn\u00ed je v\u011bnov\u00e1na specifick\u00e9 ot\u00e1zce materi\u00e1l\u016f v\u00a0protetice, druh\u00e1, v\u00edce metaforicky, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm srdci: i tradi\u010dn\u00ed j\u00e1dro lidsk\u00e9ho t\u011blesn\u00e9ho byt\u00ed dok\u00e1\u017ee dnes l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e1 technologie zcela i \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b nahradit.<\/p>\n

Ve vstupn\u00ed m\u00edstnosti n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edka uv\u00edt\u00e1 \u010dasov\u00e1 osa, kter\u00e1 ukazuje, \u017ee protetick\u00e9 objevy a vyn\u00e1lezy prov\u00e1zej\u00ed lidstvo po celou jeho historii. Od staroegyptsk\u00fdch prot\u00e9z prst\u016f a nejstar\u0161\u00edch maysk\u00fdch zubn\u00edch implant\u00e1t\u016f po technologie nanovl\u00e1ken a 3D tisku, biologicky rozlo\u017eiteln\u00e9 polymery a osazov\u00e1n\u00ed \u201ele\u0161en\u00ed\u201c z\u00a0polymeru kmenov\u00fdmi bu\u0148kami, lidsk\u00e1 tvo\u0159ivost a v\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159ely st\u00e1le nov\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby, jak doplnit to, co chyb\u00ed.<\/p>\n

L\u00e9ka\u0159i a technici se v\u017edy pokou\u0161eli nal\u00e9zt nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed materi\u00e1ly k\u00a0nahrazen\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed t\u011bla, od d\u0159eva, textilu a kovu po plastick\u00e9 hmoty a kompozitn\u00ed materi\u00e1ly. V\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti v\u0161ak nam\u00edsto hled\u00e1n\u00ed vhodn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed. Hmoty, kter\u00e9 svou strukturou co nejp\u0159esn\u011bji odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdm typ\u016fm tk\u00e1n\u011b, jsou vhodn\u00fdm podkladem pro jej\u00ed r\u016fst nebo s\u00a0n\u00ed snadno sr\u016fstaj\u00ed, jsou dostate\u010dn\u011b pevn\u00e9 nebo odoln\u00e9 proti ot\u011bru. T\u00e9to tematice se v\u011bnuje i bu\u0148ka \u201eMateri\u00e1ly v\u00a0protetice,\u201c koncipovan\u00e1 v\u00a0neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed b\u00edl\u00e9, ji\u017e zpracovali odborn\u00edci z\u00a0Akademie v\u011bd \u010cR a \u010cVUT. Dominuje j\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroj k elektrostatick\u00e9mu zvl\u00e1k\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed polymern\u00edho roztoku, tedy k v\u00fdrob\u011b nanovl\u00e1ken p\u0159esn\u011b ur\u010den\u00e9 struktury a slo\u017een\u00ed. Sezn\u00e1m\u00edme se tu ale i s\u00a0p\u0159\u00edstroji k\u00a0testov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee um\u011bl\u00fdch kloub\u016f, materi\u00e1ly pro v\u00fdrobu um\u011bl\u00e9 kosti, 3D tiskem kostn\u00edch n\u00e1hrad \u010di kombinacemi materi\u00e1lu hlavic a jamek kloubn\u00edch n\u00e1hrad, kter\u00e9 br\u00e1n\u00ed opot\u0159eben\u00ed implant\u00e1tu a uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed toxick\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dek materi\u00e1lu do krve.<\/p>\n

\"\"

Model kostry s kloubn\u00edmi a kostn\u00edmi implant\u00e1ty, v pozad\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroj k v\u00fdrob\u011b nanovl\u00e1ken na z\u00e1klad\u011b patentu prof. O. Jirs\u00e1ka z Technick\u00e9 Univerzity v Liberci a spole\u010dnosti Elmarco.<\/p><\/div><\/p>\n

\"\"

Prvn\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9 konstrukce prot\u00e9z z d\u00edlny Josefa Bo\u017eka se ani v n\u00e1kresech nedochovaly. Zn\u00e1me v\u0161ak n\u00e1hrady po amputaci ve stehn\u011b, kter\u00e9 v letech 1840- 1842 navrhl Bo\u017ek\u016fv syn Romuald. Prvn\u00ed byla prot\u00e9za s excentrick\u00fdm kolenn\u00edm kloubem pro zednick\u00e9ho pol\u00edra Josefa Kosku, kter\u00e9mu po p\u00e1du z le\u0161en\u00ed zbyl jen \u010dty\u0159centimetrov\u00fd pah\u00fdl stehna. (Kresba archiv NTM)<\/p><\/div><\/p>\n

Vyd\u00e1me-li se od \u201emateri\u00e1l\u016f\u201c vpravo, vstoup\u00edme do sekce o n\u00e1hrad\u00e1ch kon\u010detin. Nejstar\u0161\u00ed vystaven\u00e9 prot\u00e9zy doln\u00edch i horn\u00edch kon\u010detin, ze Zdravotnick\u00e9ho muzea i Technick\u00e9ho muzea ve V\u00eddni, poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z\u00a0po\u010d\u00e1tku 20. stolet\u00ed. Od tahov\u00fdch prot\u00e9z ze d\u0159eva a k\u016f\u017ee nebo pracovn\u00edch h\u00e1k\u016f k\u00a0n\u00e1hrad\u011b ruky pro manu\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u00e1ci se v\u0161ak dostaneme i k\u00a0hydraulick\u00fdm n\u00e1hrad\u00e1m kolene, bionick\u00e9 pa\u017ei \u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 elektrick\u00fdmi sign\u00e1ly ze sval\u016f pah\u00fdlu nebo n\u00e1hrad\u00e1m prst\u016f \u010di rukou, jejich\u017e povrch je t\u011b\u017eko rozeznat od \u017eiv\u00e9 k\u016f\u017ee. Jsou zde i prot\u00e9zy nohy pro sportovce, kter\u00e9 jim dnes umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed utkat se se zdrav\u00fdmi soupe\u0159i a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm u\u017e\u00edt si sportov\u00e1n\u00ed stejn\u011b jako oni. Dal\u0161\u00ed vitr\u00edny ukazuj\u00ed sou\u010dasnost i historii kloubn\u00edch n\u00e1hrad: v\u00fdvoj ky\u010deln\u00edch a kloubn\u00edch implant\u00e1t\u016f, ale i vz\u00e1cn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1hrady ramenn\u00edho \u010di hlezenn\u00edho kloubu nebo kloub\u016f prst\u016f.<\/p>\n

\"\"\"\"<\/p>\n

\"\"

Prot\u00e9zy doln\u00edch kon\u010detin na v\u00fdstav\u011b \u010clov\u011bk v n\u00e1hrad\u00e1ch. Nalevo repliky Bo\u017ekovy prot\u00e9zy a jednoduch\u00e9 prot\u00e9zy pro amputaci v b\u00e9rci \u2013 \u201ed\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 nohy\u201c \u010di kle\u010dky – podle n\u00e1vrhu rusk\u00e9ho chirurga J.G. R\u00fchla (Ivan Fjodorovi\u010d Rjul, 1768-1846), l\u00e9ka\u0159e carsk\u00e9 rodiny a konstrukt\u00e9ra prvn\u00edho inkub\u00e1toru, z r. 1818 (v\u00fdroba dr. Zden\u011bk \u0160olc, foto Patrik Sl\u00e1ma, NTM).<\/p><\/div><\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed \u201ebu\u0148ka\u201c je v\u011bnov\u00e1na n\u00e1hrad\u00e1m ledvin, urologii a gynekologii. Zde se mimo jin\u00e9 nach\u00e1z\u00ed prvn\u00ed dialyza\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroj v \u010ceskoslovensku, tzv. Alwallova ledvina, kter\u00e1 zachra\u0148ovala \u017eivoty pacient\u016f v\u00a0pra\u017esk\u00e9 v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 nemocnici od r. 1955. Jsou tu vystaveny i p\u0159\u00edstroje, kter\u00e9 od 60. let umo\u017enily l\u00e9\u010dbu chronick\u00e9ho selh\u00e1n\u00ed ledvin, ale i sou\u010dasn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstroje, v\u010detn\u011b syst\u00e9mu Prometheus, kter\u00fd dovede nahradit nejen funkci ledvin, ale i jater. Najdeme tu rovn\u011b\u017e p\u00e1sky nahrazuj\u00edc\u00ed \u0161patn\u011b funguj\u00edc\u00ed mo\u010dov\u00fd sv\u011bra\u010d mu\u017e\u016f i \u017een, i jin\u00e9 pom\u016fcky p\u0159i obt\u00ed\u017e\u00edch s\u00a0udr\u017een\u00edm mo\u010di, d\u011blo\u017en\u00ed krou\u017eky zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9 p\u0159i oslaben\u00ed p\u00e1nevn\u00edho dna a poklesu d\u011blohy, kter\u00e9 l\u00e9ka\u0159i pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed od 18. stolet\u00ed a\u017e dodnes, nebo kosmetick\u00e9 n\u00e1hrady varlat. Zam\u00ed\u0159\u00edme-li odsud rovn\u011b, projdeme ke k\u00fdln\u00edm pas\u016fm a s\u00ed\u0165k\u00e1m, stent\u016fm, kter\u00e9 zpr\u016fchod\u0148uj\u00ed tr\u00e1vic\u00ed a \u017eiln\u00ed cesty, a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 expozici inzul\u00ednov\u00fdch pump, je\u017e zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dod\u00e1vky inzul\u00ednu nemocn\u00fdm cukrovkou a p\u0159eb\u00edraj\u00ed tak funkci Langerhansov\u00fdch ostr\u016fvk\u016f slinivky b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\"\"

Alwallova ledvina (zap\u016fj\u010dila II. intern\u00ed klinika LF UK a VFN Praha) a dialyza\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroj RSP 7000 americk\u00e9 firmy Travenol s vlastn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed roztoku, 70. l\u00e9ta (zap\u016fj\u010dil Radek Hyl\u00e1k) v expozici \u010clov\u011bk v n\u00e1hrad\u00e1ch (foto Patrik Sl\u00e1ma, NTM).<\/p><\/div><\/p>\n

Druhou branou se dostaneme do \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed sekce s\u00a0n\u00e1hradami srdce, c\u00e9v a plic. Kolem l\u016f\u017eka pacienta stoj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroje k\u00a0mimot\u011bln\u00edmu ob\u011bhu a podpo\u0159e \u010dinnosti plic – v\u010detn\u011b ventil\u00e1toru posledn\u00ed generace, schopn\u00e9ho nastavit re\u017eim d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed podle aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed pot\u0159eby. Ve vitr\u00edn\u00e1ch uvid\u00edte \u00faplnou n\u00e1hradu srde\u010dn\u00edho svalu, zkonstruovanou a testovanou v\u00a070. a 80. letech na brn\u011bnsk\u00e9 universit\u011b, i mechanick\u00e9 srde\u010dn\u00ed podpory, \u201eum\u011bl\u00e1 srdce\u201c, s\u00a0nimi\u017e se st\u00e1le v\u00edce pacient\u016f do\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 transplantace. K\u00a0n\u00e1hrad\u00e1m \u010dinnosti ob\u011bhu v\u0161ak pat\u0159\u00ed i um\u011bl\u00e9 chlopn\u011b, c\u00e9vn\u00ed n\u00e1hrady \u010di nebo implantovan\u00e9 kardiostimul\u00e1tory a defibril\u00e1tory, kter\u00e9 zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed tep srdce, je\u017e vypad\u00e1v\u00e1 z\u00a0rytmu.\u201c Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 jsou kardiostimul\u00e1tory z\u00a050. a 60. let zalit\u00e9 v\u00a0epoxidov\u00e9 prysky\u0159ici, v\u010detn\u011b prvn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00fdch v\u00a0d\u00edln\u011b v\u00a0kr\u010dsk\u00e9 nemocnici, i miniaturn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroj, kter\u00fd se dnes obejde bez elektrod a implantuje se p\u0159\u00edmo do srdce.<\/p>\n

\"\"

Um\u011bl\u00e9 srdce, kter\u00e9 v 70.-80. letech vyvinul a telat\u016fm implantoval t\u00fdm prof. Jarom\u00edra Va\u0161k\u016f (1924-2017) na brn\u011bnsk\u00e9 universit\u011b. Tele Juan p\u0159e\u017eilo s um\u011bl\u00fdm srdcem TNS Brno-VII 314 dn\u00ed (laskav\u011b zap\u016fj\u010deno prof. J. Va\u0161k\u016f).<\/p><\/div><\/p>\n

\"\"

N\u00e1hrada aorty a dvoul\u00edstkov\u00e1 n\u00e1hrada aort\u00e1ln\u00ed chlopn\u011b (zap\u016fj\u010dil prof. Jan Pirk, IKEM)<\/p><\/div><\/p>\n

Prostor v\u00a0zadn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti v\u00fdstavy je ur\u010den dopl\u0148kov\u00fdm program\u016fm pro n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edky, v\u010detn\u011b her nebo prom\u00edtac\u00edho s\u00e1lu. Ve v\u00fdstavn\u00edm kin\u011b je mo\u017en\u00e9 shl\u00e9dnout dokument\u00e1rn\u00ed film T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 dokonal\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk C\u00e9cile Denjeanov\u00e9 o mo\u017enostech i rizic\u00edch technologick\u00e9ho zlep\u0161en\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka dnes i v\u00a0bl\u00edzk\u00e9 budoucnosti. Prostor v\u0161ak p\u0159edstavuje i dal\u0161\u00ed expon\u00e1ty ze sb\u00edrek Zdravotnick\u00e9ho muzea, v\u010detn\u011b ortopedick\u00e9ho korzetu a elektrol\u00e9\u010dby z\u00a020. let 20. stolet\u00ed, i p\u0159\u00edr\u016fstky do zdravotnick\u00e9 sb\u00edrky N\u00e1rodn\u00edho technick\u00e9ho muzea, jako je barokomora pro kysl\u00edkovou l\u00e9\u010dbu z\u00a080. let. I odsud je mo\u017eno\u00a0proj\u00edt do dal\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti v\u00fdstavn\u00edho prostoru. V\u00a0m\u00edstnosti jsou vystaveny epit\u00e9zy a implant\u00e1ty prs\u016f nebo n\u00e1hrady k\u016f\u017ee p\u0159i t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch pop\u00e1lenin\u00e1ch. Uvid\u00edme tu i dne\u0161n\u00ed stimul\u00e1tory, kter\u00e9 zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00fd pr\u016fb\u011bh nervov\u00e9ho vzruchu a mohou l\u00e9\u010dit epilepsii, Parkinsonovu chorobu nebo chronickou bolest. Odtud postupn\u011b proch\u00e1z\u00edme k\u00a0n\u00e1hrad\u00e1m org\u00e1n\u016f hlavy a smysl\u016f: tedy u\u0161\u00edm, sluchu a hlasu, zub\u016fm, nosu a \u010d\u00e1stem lebky a kone\u010dn\u011b k o\u010d\u00edm a zraku.<\/p>\n

\"\"

Wolffsohnovo sluchadlo z akologick\u00e9ho kabinetu Zdravotnick\u00e9ho muzea<\/p><\/div><\/p>\n

Vitr\u00edn\u011b s\u00a0historick\u00fdmi naslouchadly sluchadly v\u00e9vod\u00ed velk\u00e1 mosazn\u00e1 trubka, kterou v\u00a0po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch sv\u00e9ho onemocn\u011bn\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edval skladatel Bed\u0159ich Smetana. Za pov\u0161imnut\u00ed stoj\u00ed i sluchadla z\u00a0v\u00edde\u0148sk\u00e9 n\u00e1strojov\u00e9 d\u00edlny Sigmunda Wolfsohna z\u00a0po\u010d\u00e1tku 19. stolet\u00ed i nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sluchadla uhl\u00edkov\u00e1, elektronkov\u00e1 i tranzistorov\u00e1. Vystaveny jsou i s\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00edmi sluchadly spojen\u00e9 syst\u00e9my pro porozum\u011bn\u00ed hlasu v\u00a0hlu\u010dn\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad hlasu p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00edc\u00edho v\u00a0hlu\u010dn\u00e9 t\u0159\u00edd\u011b, i v\u00fdvoj kochle\u00e1rn\u00edch implant\u00e1t\u016f, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed zvukov\u00e9 vln\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo na elektrick\u00fd sign\u00e1l v\u00a0mozku a nahrazuj\u00ed tak funkci hlem\u00fd\u017ed\u011b ve vnit\u0159n\u00edm uchu.<\/p>\n

\"\"

Epit\u00e9za nosu je modelov\u00e1na na z\u00e1klad\u011b star\u0161\u00edch fotografi\u00ed stavu p\u0159ed operac\u00ed a p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed klienta. Nej\u010dast\u011bji napravuje defekty po onkologick\u00fdch operac\u00edch. V\u00fdroba vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jak ru\u010dn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce, tak 3D technologi\u00ed. Uchycena m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt speci\u00e1ln\u00edm lepidlem nebo kombinac\u00ed implantovan\u00e9ho magnetu v kosti a magnetu v epit\u00e9ze (zap\u016fj\u010dila ING Corporation, spol.s r.o.).<\/p><\/div><\/p>\n

Zubn\u00ed n\u00e1hrady pat\u0159\u00ed k\u00a0nejstar\u0161\u00edm v\u00a0historii: v\u00fdstava sleduje jejich v\u00fdvoj od 18. stolet\u00ed a ukazuje n\u00e1hrady jak samotn\u00fdch zub\u016f, tak patra, doln\u00ed \u010delisti i \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed lebky. Historick\u00e9 expon\u00e1ty poch\u00e1zej\u00ed ze sb\u00edrek Stomatologick\u00e9ho muzea 1. l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 fakulty UK i Zdravotnick\u00e9ho muzea: stomatologick\u00e1 klinika a \u0159ada soukrom\u00fdch firem pak p\u0159edstavuje sou\u010dasn\u00e9 metody rekonstrukce lebky a obli\u010deje, zubn\u00ed implantace i \u201erecyklace\u201c zuboviny k\u00a0v\u00fdrob\u011b implant\u00e1t\u016f. Opod\u00e1l najdeme\u00a0i kosmetick\u00e9 epit\u00e9zy nosu, jak\u00e9 nosil Tycho de Brahe nebo Ladislav Stroupe\u017enick\u00fd, nebo silikonovou n\u00e1hradu nosn\u00ed p\u0159ep\u00e1\u017eky vytvo\u0159enou 3D tiskem. Epit\u00e9zy obli\u010deje z\u00a0nov\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f a technologi\u00ed, jako je silikon a 3D tisk, nejen nahrad\u00ed rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 kosmetick\u00e9 defekty tv\u00e1\u0159e, ale pom\u00e1haj\u00ed i obnovit schopnost \u017ev\u00fdk\u00e1n\u00ed a \u0159e\u010d.<\/p>\n

Jednou z\u00a0nejstar\u0161\u00edch funk\u010dn\u00edch smyslov\u00fdch n\u00e1hrad jsou br\u00fdle: technologie n\u00e1hrad zraku ov\u0161em i ve 20. stolet\u00ed pokra\u010duje. Vid\u011bt m\u016f\u017eeme \u0161irok\u00e9 spektrum um\u011bl\u00fdch \u010do\u010dek \u010di n\u00e1hrad duhovky, um\u011bl\u00e9 o\u010di z\u00a0akryl\u00e1tu i ze skla i tyflopedick\u00e9 pom\u016fcky, kter\u00e9 usnad\u0148uj\u00ed zrakov\u011b posti\u017een\u00fdm plnohodnotn\u00fd \u017eivot.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdstavou prov\u00e1z\u00ed cyklus anatomick\u00fdch kreseb Ivana Helekala s\u00a0t\u00e9matem protetiky. Grafick\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, jeho\u017e autorem je Petr Li\u0161ka, v\u0161ak vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 i historick\u00fdch kreseb z\u00a0l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch a chirurgick\u00fdch u\u010debnic a p\u0159\u00edru\u010dek, star\u00fdch reklamn\u00edch let\u00e1k\u016f a ilustrac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 spojuje v\u00a0mu\u017esk\u00fdch i \u017eensk\u00fdch siluet\u00e1ch a zd\u016fraz\u0148uje tak lidsk\u00e9 t\u011blo jako z\u00e1klad a smysl protetick\u00e9 technologie v\u00a0nej\u0161ir\u0161\u00edm slova smyslu.<\/p>\n

\u0160koly i ostatn\u00ed z\u00e1jemci si mohou v N\u00e1rodn\u00edm technick\u00e9m muzeu rezervovat \u00fa\u010dast na komentovan\u00fdch prohl\u00eddk\u00e1ch a workshopech.<\/p>\n

FOTO: Zdravotnick\u00e9 muzeum, pokud nen\u00ed uvedeno jinak<\/p>\n

\r\n

Citace<\/h2>\r\n

KR\u00ddSL, \u0160imon. . L\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e1 knihovna<\/i> [online]. 2017, ro\u010d. 22, \u010d. 1-2 [cit. 05.11.2026]. Dostupn\u00e9 z: https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1554<\/a>. ISSN 1804-2031.<\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0160imon Kr\u00fdsl, Zdravotnick\u00e9 muzeum NLK Od 10. dubna 2017 do konce \u00fanora p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edho roku je ve velk\u00e9m s\u00e1le N\u00e1rodn\u00edho technick\u00e9ho muzea otev\u0159ena v\u00fdstava \u010clov\u011bk v\u00a0n\u00e1hrad\u00e1ch: technika slou\u017e\u00ed medic\u00edn\u011b. Na koncepci a p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b v\u00fdstavy spolupracovalo Zdravotnick\u00e9 muzeum N\u00e1rodn\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 knihovny, N\u00e1rodn\u00ed technick\u00e9 muzeum a Univerzita Karlova. V\u00fdstava p\u0159edstavuje jak historii, tak sou\u010dasnost technologick\u00fdch n\u00e1hrad lidsk\u00e9ho t\u011bla: od prot\u00e9z doln\u00edch i horn\u00edch kon\u010detin, p\u0159es n\u00e1hrady zraku […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":0,"parent":1327,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[56],"class_list":["post-1554","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","tag-clanky"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.6","language":"en","enabled_languages":["cs","en"],"languages":{"cs":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"en":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1554","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1554"}],"version-history":[{"count":26,"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1554\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4614,"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1554\/revisions\/4614"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1327"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1554"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1554"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1554"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}