{"id":1672,"date":"2017-06-16T14:03:19","date_gmt":"2017-06-16T12:03:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/?page_id=1672"},"modified":"2018-12-20T12:27:06","modified_gmt":"2018-12-20T11:27:06","slug":"prvni-krik-prvni-plac","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/archiv\/2017-22-1-2\/prvni-krik-prvni-plac\/","title":{"rendered":"Prvn\u00ed k\u0159ik, prvn\u00ed pl\u00e1\u010d"},"content":{"rendered":"

Michaela Lindov\u00e1, Zdravotnick\u00e9 muzeum NLK<\/strong><\/p>\n

Od poloviny lo\u0148sk\u00e9ho roku asistovalo Zdravotnick\u00e9 muzeum NLK p\u0159i zrodu a vzniku zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 v\u00fdstavy \u201ePrvn\u00ed k\u0159ik, prvn\u00ed pl\u00e1\u010d<\/strong>\u201c, kterou Muzeum hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta Prahy slavnostn\u011b otev\u0159elo 25. dubna 2017\u00a0ve sv\u00e9 hlavn\u00ed budov\u011b v ulici Na Po\u0159\u00ed\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Expozice, kter\u00e1 nese rukopis architekta Davida V\u00e1vry, d\u00e1v\u00e1 n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edkovi mo\u017enost p\u0159en\u00e9st se\u00a0\u00a0 \u201ev k\u016f\u017ei\u201c jedn\u00e9 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed porodn\u00ed b\u00e1by Ludmily Kapal\u00ednov\u00e9 (1780-1860) do \u017eivotn\u00edch podm\u00ednek, taj\u016f i \u00faskal\u00ed a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm zm\u011bn, kter\u00e9 zas\u00e1hly porodnick\u00e9 \u0159emeslo v\u00a0Praze a cel\u00e9 monarchii \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 ve 2. polovin\u011b 18. a v pr\u016fb\u011bhu 19. stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Podle nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch vl\u00e1dn\u00edch na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a terezi\u00e1nsk\u00fdch \u0159\u00e1d\u016f (z fond\u016f Zdravotnick\u00e9ho Muzea (ZM) NLK zap\u016fj\u010den nap\u0159. origin\u00e1l \u201eInstruction f\u00fcr die Hebammen \u201e – 1770) doch\u00e1zelo postupn\u011b k\u00a0institucionalizaci a centralizovan\u00e9mu rozvoji \u010desk\u00e9ho porodnictv\u00ed. Vznikla prvn\u00ed odborn\u00e1 pracovi\u0161t\u011b na pra\u017esk\u00e9 Karlo-Ferdinandov\u011b univerzit\u011b (katedra porodnictv\u00ed – 1759) a babi\u010dky byly nuceny se vzd\u011bl\u00e1vat a zapisovat na p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ky anatomie. V\u00a0oboru se objevili i prvn\u00ed mu\u017ei – porodn\u00edci a auto\u0159i porodn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edru\u010dek, mezi nimi\u017e vynikal nap\u0159. Anton\u00edn Jan Jungmann – mlad\u0161\u00ed bratr zn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edho n\u00e1rodn\u00edho obrozence a buditele, Josefa.<\/p>\n

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A. J. Jungmann, Uwod k babenj, Praha 1804<\/p><\/div><\/p>\n

Stal se l\u00e9ka\u0159em a profesorem teoretick\u00e9ho i praktick\u00e9ho porodnictv\u00ed na pra\u017esk\u00e9 l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 fakult\u011b a jeho \u201e\u00davod k\u00a0baben\u00ed \u201c z\u00a0roku 1804 a \u201eLehrbuch der Geburtshilfe f\u00fcr Hebammen\u201c\u00a0 z\u00a0roku 1839 rovn\u011b\u017e najdeme na v\u00fdstav\u011b vedle p\u0159\u00edru\u010dek\u00a0 R. J. Steideleho z\u00a0roku 1792 v\u00a0\u010desk\u00e9m i n\u011bmeck\u00e9m jazyce. Knihy nab\u00eddl fond vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch tisk\u016f ZM NLK.<\/p>\n

D\u00edky \u0161\u0165astn\u00e9mu v\u00fdb\u011bru autor\u016f v\u00fdstavy, kte\u0159\u00ed s\u00e1hli po zachovan\u00fdch den\u00edc\u00edch jmenovan\u00e9 babi\u010dky Ludmily Kapal\u00ednov\u00e9, se v\u0161ak poda\u0159ilo zmapovat celkem p\u0159esn\u011b v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 obdob\u00ed d\u011bjin \u010desk\u00e9ho porodnictv\u00ed nejen \u0159e\u010d\u00ed p\u0159edpis\u016f a p\u0159\u00edru\u010dek, ale i z\u00a0ryze soukrom\u00e9ho a lidsk\u00e9ho pohledu.<\/p>\n

Osud t\u00e9to porodn\u00ed b\u00e1by sob\u00ednsk\u00e9, kter\u00e9 majetek a p\u0159\u00edbuzenstv\u00ed s\u00a0far\u00e1\u0159em na pra\u017esk\u00e9m V\u011btrov\u011b umo\u017enily od roku 1824 denn\u00ed studium v\u00a0Praze na univerzit\u011b, toti\u017e dob\u0159e ukazuje \u0159adu prob\u011bhnuv\u0161\u00edch prom\u011bn.<\/p>\n

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D\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e1 po\u0161evn\u00ed zrcadla z tzv. akologick\u00e9ho kabinetu pra\u017esk\u00e9 l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 fakulty, po\u010d\u00e1tek 19. stolet\u00ed<\/p><\/div><\/p>\n

Informa\u010dn\u00ed charakter v\u00fdstavy dopl\u0148uje jist\u011b i p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9 hledisko estetick\u00e9, ke kter\u00e9mu p\u0159isp\u011bly na pohled zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty ze sb\u00edrek Zdravotnick\u00e9ho muzea: d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 stetoskopy, leskl\u00e1 kovov\u00e1 po\u0161evn\u00ed zrcadla (dilat\u00e1tory) podle Simse a Simona nebo dva modely t\u011bhotn\u00fdch \u017een s\u00a0d\u00edt\u011btem – panenky ze slonoviny a vosku, kter\u00e9 slou\u017eily jako v\u00fdukov\u00e9 modely medik\u016fm a jin\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edm\u011bty nebo n\u00e1stroje.<\/p>\n

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Model t\u011bhotn\u00e9 \u017eeny z vosku pro pou\u017eit\u00ed ve v\u00fduce, 18. stolet\u00ed<\/p><\/div><\/p>\n

Slavnostn\u00ed a v\u00fdznamn\u00fd r\u00e1z samotn\u00e9ho aktu zrozen\u00ed a k\u0159tu, kter\u00fd auto\u0159i v\u00fdstavy akcentuj\u00ed, podtrhuje i n\u011bkolik k\u0159estn\u00edch medail\u00ed s\u00a0vyobrazen\u00edm k\u0159tu Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e Krista v\u00a0Jord\u00e1nu v\u00a0bohat\u00e9m filigr\u00e1nov\u00e9m r\u00e1mu anebo st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00e1 medaile oslavuj\u00edc\u00ed narozen\u00ed 3. mu\u017esk\u00e9ho potomka Marie Terezie \u2013 arciv\u00e9vody Leopolda. Posledn\u00ed zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e1 vypodob\u0148uje nejen c\u00edsa\u0159ovnu s\u00a0nemluvn\u011btem, ale i jej\u00edch sedm \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch d\u011bt\u00ed (numizmatick\u00e1 sb\u00edrka ZM NLK).<\/p>\n

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K\u0159estn\u00ed medaile pozlacen\u00e1 s motivem k\u0159tu Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e v Jord\u00e1nu z roku 1841 v jemn\u00e9m filigr\u00e1nov\u00e9m r\u00e1mu.<\/p><\/div><\/p>\n

V\u00fdstava se tak zaj\u00edmav\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem p\u0159ipojuje k\u00a0oslav\u00e1m 300 let od narozen\u00ed osv\u00edcen\u00e9 panovnice a mnohon\u00e1sobn\u00e9 matky Marie Terezie v\u00a0\u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00edch.<\/p>\n

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Terezi\u00e1nsk\u00e1 medaile oslavuj\u00edc\u00ed narozen\u00ed t\u0159et\u00edho mu\u017esk\u00e9ho potomka – arciv\u00e9vody Leopolda, pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edho Leopolda II. s poprs\u00edm Marie Terezie na l\u00edcn\u00ed stran\u011b ( z roku 1747)<\/p><\/div><\/p>\n

Zdravotnick\u00e9 muzeum zap\u016fj\u010dilo nejen mnoho expon\u00e1t\u016f p\u00edsemn\u00e9 a hmotn\u00e9 povahy ze sv\u00fdch rozli\u010dn\u00fdch sb\u00edrek, ale p\u0159isp\u011blo tak\u00e9 \u0159adou cenn\u00fdch informac\u00ed. Tak se dozv\u00edme, co m\u011bla\u00a0 \u00a0 a musela m\u00edt porodn\u00ed b\u00e1ba ve sv\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edru\u010dn\u00edm kuf\u0159\u00edku (nap\u0159\u00edklad st\u0159\u00edka\u010dku klyst\u00fdrovou i v\u00fdplachovou ur\u010denou tak\u00e9 k\u00a0n\u00e1hl\u00e9mu k\u0159tu – poskytl akologick\u00fd kabinet ZM NLK), ale tak\u00e9 kter\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje rozhodn\u011b nesm\u011bla br\u00e1t do ruky (kovov\u00e9 porodn\u00ed kle\u0161t\u011b dle Levreta nebo dle Thynnea – ze stejn\u00e9ho fondu). Nem\u00e9n\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 bylo uk\u00e1zat, co musela ud\u011blat p\u0159ed i v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu vykon\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00e9 z\u00e1slu\u017en\u00e9 profese. Povinn\u00e9 prozkou\u0161en\u00ed dle terezi\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed z\u00a0roku 1753 dokl\u00e1daj\u00ed dva odznaky s\u00a0P. Mari\u00ed Karlovskou\u00a0 a ozn\u00e1men\u00edm \u201eEXAM(INATA) LAND HEBAM\u201cz \u00a0numizmatick\u00e9 sb\u00edrky ZM NLK.<\/p>\n

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Odznak zkou\u0161en\u00e9 porodn\u00ed b\u00e1by s Pannou Mari\u00ed Karlovskou; vyd\u00e1no po r. 1753<\/p><\/div><\/p>\n

Chcete-li se dozv\u011bd\u011bt v\u00edce o tom, jak prob\u00edhala v\u00fduka na fakult\u011b, jac\u00ed byli prvn\u00ed studenti porodnictv\u00ed a jejich v\u00fdukov\u00e9 modely (fantomy) a jak vypadalo prost\u0159ed\u00ed takov\u00e9 \u201esednice\u201c na \u010desk\u00e9m venkov\u011b \u010di \u201ez\u00e1kout\u00ed\u201c, kde \u017eeny b\u011b\u017en\u011b rodily, zajd\u011bte se na v\u00fdstavu pod\u00edvat. M\u00e1te \u010das do poloviny \u0159\u00edjna leto\u0161n\u00edho roku.<\/p>\n

FOTO: Zdravotnick\u00e9 muzeu NLK<\/p>\n

LINDOV\u00c1, Michaela. Prvn\u00ed k\u0159ik, prvn\u00ed pl\u00e1\u010d. L\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e1 knihovna<\/em> [online]. 2017, ro\u010d. 22, \u010d. 1-2 [cit. 05.11.2026]. Dostupn\u00e9 z: https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/1672-2\/<\/a>. ISSN 1804-2031.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Michaela Lindov\u00e1, Zdravotnick\u00e9 muzeum NLK Od poloviny lo\u0148sk\u00e9ho roku asistovalo Zdravotnick\u00e9 muzeum NLK p\u0159i zrodu a vzniku zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 v\u00fdstavy \u201ePrvn\u00ed k\u0159ik, prvn\u00ed pl\u00e1\u010d\u201c, kterou Muzeum hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta Prahy slavnostn\u011b otev\u0159elo 25. dubna 2017\u00a0ve sv\u00e9 hlavn\u00ed budov\u011b v ulici Na Po\u0159\u00ed\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":0,"parent":1327,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[58],"class_list":["post-1672","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","tag-aktuality"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.6","language":"en","enabled_languages":["cs","en"],"languages":{"cs":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"en":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1672","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1672"}],"version-history":[{"count":28,"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1672\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3997,"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1672\/revisions\/3997"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1327"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1672"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1672"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1672"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}