{"id":347,"date":"2016-08-04T17:23:40","date_gmt":"2016-08-04T15:23:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/?page_id=347"},"modified":"2017-12-18T09:35:48","modified_gmt":"2017-12-18T08:35:48","slug":"preklad-tezauru-mesh-2015-v-nlk","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/archiv\/2016-21-1-2\/preklad-tezauru-mesh-2015-v-nlk\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u0159eklad tezauru MeSH 2015 v NLK"},"content":{"rendered":"

Radana Kodetov\u00e1, Alena Smutn\u00e1, NLK<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u0159eklad tezauru Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)<\/strong><\/a> je v\u00a0NLK n\u00e1pln\u00ed odd\u011blen\u00ed v\u011bcn\u00e9ho popisu a p\u0159ekladu tezauru MeSH (d\u00e1le v\u00a0textu jen odd\u011blen\u00ed VEP). Ob\u011b vykon\u00e1van\u00e9 \u010dinnosti odd\u011blen\u00ed spolu \u00fazce souvis\u00ed a jedna na druhou navazuj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Celkem v\u00a0odd\u011blen\u00ed pracuje 10 pracovn\u00edk\u016f + 1 externista (7,225 \u00favazk\u016f + 1 externista). P\u0159ekladem MeSH se zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed 3 pracovnice (1,25 \u00favazku). Z\u00a0toho jedna pracovnice se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 zejm\u00e9na p\u0159ekladem deskriptor\u016f a sou\u010dasn\u011b m\u00e1 na starost v\u0161echny \u010dinnosti vypl\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00a0funkce hlavn\u00edho supervizora MeSH (nap\u0159. aktualizace MeSH, autorizace p\u0159eklad\u016f definic a n\u00e1vrh\u016f hesel a podhesel, konzultace p\u0159i indexaci \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f). Zbyl\u00e9 dv\u011b pracovnice pracuj\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b na p\u0159ekladu definic deskriptor\u016f.<\/p>\n

Principem pr\u00e1ce na p\u0159ekladu je vz\u00e1jemn\u00e1 spolupr\u00e1ce a to nejen s\u00a0ohledem na l\u00e9ka\u0159skou terminologii. P\u0159ekladatelky vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed tak\u00e9 n\u00e1m\u011bty indexace a re\u0161er\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vznikaj\u00ed sledov\u00e1n\u00edm trend\u016f p\u0159i zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u010dasopiseck\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f a po\u017eadavk\u016f na re\u0161er\u0161e. T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem jsou navrhov\u00e1ny viz odkazy k\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdm deskriptor\u016fm, je upozor\u0148ov\u00e1no na chyby v\u00a0terminologii, na nov\u011b se vyskytuj\u00edc\u00ed term\u00edny apod.. V\u00a0d\u016fsledku t\u00e9to spolupr\u00e1ce je zaji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1na aktu\u00e1lnost tezauru MeSH.<\/p>\n

P\u0159eklad MeSH nespo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 pouze v\u00a0p\u0159ekladu nov\u00fdch deskriptor\u016f a jejich definic v\u00a0r\u00e1mci ro\u010dn\u00ed aktualizace. Ke ka\u017ed\u00e9mu deskriptoru se m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e1zat i n\u011bkolik koncept\u016f a k\u00a0nim se v\u00e1\u017e\u00edc\u00edch synonym, kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba tak\u00e9 p\u0159elo\u017eit. Jestli\u017ee v\u00a0aktualizaci 2016 p\u0159ibylo 438\u00a0nov\u00fdch deskriptor\u016f, neznamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee byl za cel\u00fd rok p\u0159elo\u017een pouze tento po\u010det deskriptor\u016f. Srozumiteln\u00e9 vysv\u011btlen\u00ed pojmu deskriptor v literatu\u0159e [1].<\/p>\n

V aktualizaci 2016 p\u0159ibylo v\u00a0\u010desk\u00e9 verzi 5472 nov\u00fdch term\u00edn\u016f (deskriptor\u016f, nepreferovan\u00fdch koncept\u016f, viz odkaz\u016f, definic). \u010cesk\u00fd p\u0159eklad verze 2016 obsahuje 27\u00a0883 deskriptor\u016f, 10.554 nepreferovan\u00fdch koncept\u016f, 24.417 viz odkaz\u016f a 4.244 definic. Pro n\u00e1zornost je uvedena tabulka [2].<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n\u010cesk\u00fd p\u0159eklad<\/strong><\/td>\nAnglick\u00fd origin\u00e1l<\/strong><\/td>\nRozd\u00edl<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Hlavn\u00ed deskriptory (preferovan\u00e9 koncepty)<\/td>\n27 883<\/td>\n27 883<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nepreferovan\u00e9 koncepty<\/td>\n10 554<\/td>\n25 461<\/td>\n14 907<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Viz odkazy<\/td>\n24 417<\/td>\n61 570<\/td>\n37 153<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Definice<\/td>\n4 244<\/td>\n29 160<\/td>\n24 916<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

C\u00edlem pr\u00e1ce odd\u011blen\u00ed VEP je mj. postupn\u011b sni\u017eovat rozd\u00edl mezi \u010desk\u00fdm p\u0159ekladem a origin\u00e1ln\u00ed verz\u00ed MeSH (v porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s aktualizac\u00ed 2010, kdy byl rozd\u00edl 89.307 term\u00edn\u016f, je zlep\u0161en\u00ed o ca 12.000 term\u00edn\u016f, v\u00a0porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0aktualizac\u00ed 2015 jde o zlep\u0161en\u00ed o ca 2.500 term\u00edn\u016f). P\u0159eklad definic byl zah\u00e1jen a\u017e v\u00a0roce 2010, proto je v\u00a0tabulce patrn\u00fd velk\u00fd rozd\u00edl v\u00a0po\u010dtu mezi anglick\u00fdm origin\u00e1lem a \u010desk\u00fdm p\u0159ekladem (v porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0aktualizac\u00ed 2015 je v\u0161ak patrn\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst o ca 1.300 p\u0159elo\u017een\u00fdch definic).<\/p>\n

P\u0159i p\u0159ekladu deskriptor\u016f z\u00a0oblasti l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed a jejich definic m\u00e1 NLK svolen\u00ed p\u0159eb\u00edrat definice z\u00a0Velk\u00e9ho l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9ho slovn\u00edku (Vokurka \u2013 Hugo) s\u00a0odkazem na zdroj.<\/p>\n

U ostatn\u00edch deskriptor\u016f jsou p\u0159ekladatelky nuceny spol\u00e9hat na vlastn\u00ed p\u0159ekladatelsk\u00e9 a re\u0161er\u0161n\u00ed strategie a na p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 diskuse s\u00a0odborn\u00edky.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0praxi p\u0159ekladu MeSH d\u00e1le vznik\u00e1 \u0159ada probl\u00e9m\u016f souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s\u00a0pravopisem, zp\u016fsobem vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed u\u017eivateli, s v\u00fdvojem odborn\u00e9 terminologie, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b s\u00a0rozd\u00edly v\u00a0ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed a u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed pojm\u016f v podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch USA a \u010cR.<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edklady n\u011bkter\u00fdch aktu\u00e1ln\u00edch problematick\u00fdch oblast\u00ed p\u0159ekladu<\/h2>\n

Star\u00fd a nov\u00fd pravopis<\/strong><\/p>\n

Zm\u011bny se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed hlavn\u011b slov s\u00a0latinsk\u00fdm, p\u0159\u00edp. \u0159eck\u00fdm p\u016fvodem \u2013 v\u00a0tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se m\u011bn\u00ed star\u0161\u00ed tvary se \u201es\u201c za tvary se \u201ez\u201c (kinese \u2013 kineze, prognosa \u2013 progn\u00f3za). D\u00e9lka samohl\u00e1sek se v\u00fdvojem tak\u00e9 m\u011bnila \u2013 nap\u0159. d\u0159\u00edve an\u00e9mie, nyn\u00ed kr\u00e1tce anemie, polycyt\u00e9mie \u2013 polycytemie. V\u00a0publika\u010dn\u00ed praxi se st\u00e1le m\u016f\u017eeme setkat s\u00a0ob\u011bma variantami (z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na dob\u011b vyd\u00e1n\u00ed publikace nebo i v\u011bku autora). V MeSH ale tato okolnost neznamen\u00e1 ru\u0161en\u00ed star\u0161\u00edch hesel, ale zm\u011bnu podoby hlavn\u00edho z\u00e1hlav\u00ed deskriptoru. Zastaralej\u0161\u00ed deskriptor se pak stane synonymem, podle kter\u00e9ho lze d\u00e1le vyhled\u00e1vat.<\/p>\n

\u0158e\u0161en\u00ed slovosledu v\u00edceslovn\u00fdch term\u00edn\u016f<\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob se dr\u017eel vzoru l\u00edstkov\u00e9ho p\u0159edm\u011btov\u00e9ho katalogu \u2013 nejprve podstatn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no, potom rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed \u010dleny. Nav\u00edc se u\u017e\u00edvaly poml\u010dky mezi slovy (nap\u0159. c\u00e9vy \u2013 chirurgick\u00e9 v\u00fdkony, chemick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky \u2013 u\u017eit\u00ed). Snahou v\u00a0p\u0159ekladu bylo poml\u010dky zru\u0161it a nastolit p\u0159irozen\u00fd slovosled. Tato problematika zat\u00edm nen\u00ed do\u0159e\u0161ena, nebo\u0165 u n\u011bkter\u00fdch hesel s\u00a0touto zm\u011bnou vyvstal probl\u00e9m s\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee p\u0159i sklo\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed dojde ke zm\u011bn\u00e1m v\u00a0p\u00edsmenech slova a pro vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed je nejl\u00e9pe uv\u00e9st v\u0161echny mo\u017en\u00e9 varianty tvaru slova (nap\u0159. ucho –\u00a0 u\u0161i – z\u00e1n\u011bt ucha \u2013 ciz\u00ed t\u011bleso v\u00a0uchu, oko \u2013 o\u010di \u2013 o\u010dn\u00ed nemoc \u2013 nemoc oka).<\/p>\n

Snaha o dopln\u011bn\u00ed latinsk\u00fdch n\u00e1zv\u016f tam, kde v\u00a0americk\u00e9m origin\u00e1lu chyb\u011bj\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0kategorii A \u2013 Anatomie.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Odd\u011blen\u00ed VEP usiluje rovn\u011b\u017e o terminologickou revizi tezauru odborn\u00edky z l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed. Ekonomick\u00e9 mo\u017enosti NLK jsou v\u0161ak omezen\u00e9. Ve st\u00e1diu \u00favah a rozhovor\u016f je spolupr\u00e1ce MKN s\u00a0MeSH s\u00a0c\u00edlem propojen\u00e9ho vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00a0kataloz\u00edch. MKN je Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed statistick\u00e1 klasifikace nemoc\u00ed a p\u0159idru\u017een\u00fdch zdravotn\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f, kterou vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 Sv\u011btov\u00e1 zdravotnick\u00e1 organizace. Klasifikace je pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u011b aktualizov\u00e1na. Jej\u00edm p\u0159ekladem se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 \u00dastav zdravotnick\u00fdch informac\u00ed a statistiky \u010cR (\u00daZIS) p\u0159i MZ\u010cR. Pro \u00a0MeSH je aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed snaha o sjednocen\u00ed (propojen\u00ed) terminologie u kategorie C \u2013 Nemoci.<\/p>\n

Literatura<\/h2>\n

[1] MAIXNEROV\u00c1, Lenka. \u010cesk\u00fd p\u0159eklad tezauru Medical Subject Headings a mo\u017enosti jeho vyu\u017eit\u00ed<\/a>. Medsoft, 2015, s. 126 \u2013 139.<\/p>\n

[2] Aktualizace 2016 [online]. [cit. 2016-03-17]. Dostupn\u00e9 z:\u00a0https:\/\/nlk.cz\/pro-knihovny\/mesh\/aktualizace-2016\/<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

Citace<\/h2>\n

KODETOV\u00c1, Radana a Alena SMUTN\u00c1. P\u0159eklad tezauru MeSH 2015 v NLK. L\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e1 knihovna<\/i> [online]. 2016, ro\u010d. 21, \u010d. 1-2 [cit. 05.11.2026]. Dostupn\u00e9 z: https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/347<\/a>. ISSN 1804-2031.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Radana Kodetov\u00e1, Alena Smutn\u00e1, NLK P\u0159eklad tezauru Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) je v\u00a0NLK n\u00e1pln\u00ed odd\u011blen\u00ed v\u011bcn\u00e9ho popisu a p\u0159ekladu tezauru MeSH (d\u00e1le v\u00a0textu jen odd\u011blen\u00ed VEP). Ob\u011b vykon\u00e1van\u00e9 \u010dinnosti odd\u011blen\u00ed spolu \u00fazce souvis\u00ed a jedna na druhou navazuj\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":140,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[56,25],"class_list":["post-347","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","tag-clanky","tag-mesh"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.6","language":"en","enabled_languages":["cs","en"],"languages":{"cs":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"en":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/347","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=347"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/347\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2444,"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/347\/revisions\/2444"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/140"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=347"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=347"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=347"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}