{"id":7898,"date":"2023-12-12T12:34:53","date_gmt":"2023-12-12T11:34:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/?page_id=7898"},"modified":"2024-06-27T09:41:16","modified_gmt":"2024-06-27T07:41:16","slug":"morove-rany-ve-zdravotnickem-muzeu","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/archiv\/2023-28-3-4\/morove-rany-ve-zdravotnickem-muzeu\/","title":{"rendered":"Morov\u00e9 r\u00e1ny ve Zdravotnick\u00e9m muzeu"},"content":{"rendered":"
Mgr. \u0160imon Kr\u00fdsl, NLK<\/h5>\n

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Z expozice o o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed v informa\u010dn\u00edm centru NLK \/ foto: Veronika L\u00f6blov\u00e1, Tereza Vobeck\u00e1<\/p><\/div><\/p>\n

U p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti T\u00fddne knihoven p\u0159ipravilo Zdravotnick\u00e9 muzeum NLK malou v\u00fdstavku v prostor\u00e1ch Informa\u010dn\u00edho centra knihovny. Expozice \u201eOd ne\u0161tovic po COVID\u201c se v\u011bnuje aktu\u00e1ln\u00edmu i kontroverzn\u00edmu t\u00e9matu posledn\u00edch let, o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed. P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh vakcinace v \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00edch za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 na\u00a0p\u0159elomu 18. a 19. stolet\u00ed: u Edwarda Jennera a jeho objevu bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 ochrany p\u0159ed ne\u0161tovicemi, u mocn\u00fdch lid\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b c\u00edsa\u0159ovny Marie Terezie a jej\u00edch d\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nemoc neu\u0161et\u0159ila, a kte\u0159\u00ed se za novinku postavili, i u prvn\u00edch odp\u016frc\u016f o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed, od konzervativn\u00edch l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f po p\u0159\u00edznivce p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho l\u00e9\u010den\u00ed. V\u00fdstava i p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh pak vypr\u00e1v\u00ed o snaze l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f i \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f ve 20. stolet\u00ed o obdobnou ochranu p\u0159ed dal\u0161\u00edmi chorobami, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm tuberkul\u00f3zou a z\u00e1\u0161krtem, o\u00a0ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161\u00edch a\u00a0p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ek\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 st\u00e1ly v cest\u011b, a o postupn\u011b se rod\u00edc\u00edm kalend\u00e1\u0159i hromadn\u00e9ho o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed po druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce. Vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed uzav\u00edr\u00e1 p\u0159ipom\u00ednka vakc\u00edn proti pandemii COVID-19 a nad\u011bj\u00ed i rozpak\u016f, kter\u00e9 je prov\u00e1zely. V\u00fdstava je st\u00e1le p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e1. Zdravotnick\u00e9 muzeum se t\u011b\u0161\u00ed, a\u017e si ji p\u0159ijdete prohl\u00e9dnout a v\u00edt\u00e1 novou mo\u017enost nechat \u010dten\u00e1\u0159e knihovny touto cestou nahl\u00e9dnout do jeho sb\u00edrek.<\/p>\n

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O\u010dkovac\u00ed vysv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed, kter\u00e9 v T\u0159eboni r.1832 vydal jako o\u010dkuj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159 m\u011bstsk\u00fd ranhoji\u010d Ludwig Frosch (ca. 1795\u20131870). L. Frosch mimo jin\u00e9 roku 1856 bezplatn\u011b l\u00e9\u010dil J. K. Tyla, kter\u00fd v T\u0159eboni hostoval s divadlem; roku 1868 byl, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm za \u010dinnost o\u010dkovac\u00ed, vyznamen\u00e1n zlat\u00fdm z\u00e1slu\u017en\u00fdm k\u0159\u00ed\u017eem. \/ Zdravotnick\u00e9 muzeum NLK, 525-67-2<\/p><\/div><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1rove\u0148 m\u00e1 b\u00fdt v\u00fdstavka pozv\u00e1nkou do Zdravotnick\u00e9ho muzea samotn\u00e9ho, snad pon\u011bkud skryt\u00e9ho v n\u00e1dvorn\u00edm domku v are\u00e1lu N\u00e1rodn\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 knihovny. Trval\u00e1 expozice p\u0159edstavuje pr\u016f\u0159ez sb\u00edrkov\u00fdmi p\u0159edm\u011bty z d\u011bjin l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed, chirurgie i ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdravotnictv\u00ed. Krom\u011b n\u00ed p\u0159ipravilo muzeum v\u00fdstavu \u201eMorov\u00e9 r\u00e1ny 1521\u20132021\u201c. I v n\u00ed se n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edci setkaj\u00ed s o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00edm, hlavn\u00edm n\u00e1strojem boje s infek\u010dn\u00edmi nemocemi v posledn\u00edch dvou stalet\u00edch. Z\u00e1b\u011br \u201eMorov\u00fdch ran\u201c je v\u0161ak \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed. P\u0159edstavuj\u00ed \u00fasil\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f, zdravotn\u00edk\u016f a mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch ochr\u00e1nit \u017eivoty a p\u0159in\u00e9st nad\u011bji a uzdraven\u00ed, od prav\u00e9ho moru ve st\u0159edov\u011bku a ran\u00e9m novov\u011bku, p\u0159es choleru a\u00a0ne\u0161tovice v 19. stolet\u00ed a paletu epidemick\u00fdch infekc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 propukaly ve stolet\u00ed dvac\u00e1t\u00e9m, a\u017e po nov\u00e9 virov\u00e9 epidemie posledn\u00edch t\u0159iceti let. Mnoho metod, postup\u016f i slep\u00fdch uli\u010dek se v\u00a0d\u011bjin\u00e1ch epidemi\u00ed znovu a znovu vrac\u00ed, t\u0159eba\u017ee v odli\u0161n\u00fdch podob\u00e1ch dan\u00fdch historick\u00fdm kontextem i povahou p\u0159evl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00edch nemoc\u00ed. Jin\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje se objevily pozd\u011bji, pro nemocn\u00e9 minul\u00fdch stalet\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 pozd\u011b, pro sou\u010dasn\u00e9 a budouc\u00ed pacienty pr\u00e1v\u011b v\u010das.<\/p>\n

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Z expozice Morov\u00e9 r\u00e1ny 1521\u20132021 \/ foto: Veronika L\u00f6blov\u00e1, Tereza Vobeck\u00e1<\/p><\/div><\/p>\n

V muzeu mimo jin\u00e9 uvid\u00edte l\u00e9\u010div\u00e9 prost\u0159edky i chirurgick\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje u\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v l\u00e9\u010db\u011b moru, v\u010detn\u011b theriaku, \u201edry\u00e1ku\u201c s des\u00edtkami prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch i zdrav\u00ed \u0161kodliv\u00fdch l\u00e1tek, od bylin p\u0159es opium po\u00a0had\u00ed maso, proti infek\u010dn\u00edm nemocem, otrav\u00e1m i srde\u010dn\u00edm pot\u00ed\u017e\u00edm. Slo\u017een\u00ed t\u011bchto sm\u011bs\u00ed mnoha \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch i ne\u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edsad zn\u00e1me z \u0159ady l\u00e9kopis\u016f. L\u00e9ky proti infek\u010dn\u00edm nemocem, kter\u00e9 Evropu postihly po \u00fastupu prav\u00e9ho moru, byly obvykle jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed, postup jejich p\u0159\u00edpravy byl v\u0161ak \u010dasto utajen\u00fd. Zn\u00e1me jen n\u011bkter\u00e9 p\u0159edpisy na \u201echolerov\u00e9 kapky\u201c z poloviny 19. stolet\u00ed, i\u00a0mnoh\u00e1 zaru\u010den\u00e1 \u201epatentn\u00ed l\u00e9\u010diva\u201c (\u201etajn\u00e9 l\u00e9ky\u201c) na \u0161pan\u011blskou ch\u0159ipku a dal\u0161\u00ed nemoci v\u00fdrobci inzerovali jen pod obchodn\u00ed zna\u010dkou, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b jm\u00e9nem zn\u00e1m\u00e9ho odborn\u00edka. Mnoh\u00e9 bakteri\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1kazy dok\u00e1zala vyl\u00e9\u010dit a\u017e v polovin\u011b 20. stolet\u00ed antibiotika, na \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1 antivirotika si nemocn\u00ed museli po\u010dkat je\u0161t\u011b d\u00e9le. To ov\u0161em neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee by medic\u00edna byla bezmocn\u00e1: ochranu proti mnoha smrt\u00edc\u00edm infekc\u00edm nab\u00eddlo postupn\u011b pr\u00e1v\u011b o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed. Uk\u00e1zky o\u010dkovac\u00edch l\u00e1tek i n\u00e1stroj\u016f ve v\u00fdstav\u011b tak\u00e9 uvid\u00edte. Stejn\u011b jako n\u00e1stroje chirurgick\u00e9, i pom\u016fcky k o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed prom\u011bnil n\u00e1stup asepse, pot\u0159eba zabr\u00e1nit p\u0159enosu dal\u0161\u00edch choroboplodn\u00fdch z\u00e1rodk\u016f. Dal\u0161\u00ed novinky v postupech vakcinace p\u0159ineslo masov\u00e9 o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed voj\u00e1k\u016f i d\u011bt\u00ed a pozd\u011bji i nutnost dos\u00e1hnout do\u00a0nejodlehlej\u0161\u00edch kout\u016f sv\u011bta a tam, kde \u0161kolen\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159i nejsou k dispozici. Jen tak se v roce 1980 poda\u0159ilo prav\u00e9 ne\u0161tovice na sv\u011bt\u011b vym\u00fdtit.<\/p>\n

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O\u010dkovac\u00ed pera, po\u010d\u00e1tek 20. stolet\u00ed \/ Zdravotnick\u00e9 muzeum NLK, N 522<\/p><\/div><\/p>\n

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\u201ePistole m\u00edru\u201c: tryskov\u00fd automatick\u00fd injektor (Jet Injector) u\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd i v kampani za eradikace ne\u0161tovic, umo\u017enil rychle nao\u010dkovat velk\u00e9 po\u010dty lid\u00ed. Vyrobila, pod zna\u010dkou SEMCO, Vernitron Corporation (Carlstadt, New Jersey), 1976.\u00a0 \/ Zdravotnick\u00e9 muzeum NLK, P 397<\/p><\/div><\/p>\n

V\u00fdznamnou roli v boji s \u201emorov\u00fdmi ranami\u201c sehr\u00e1la ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 hygiena, od st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fdch karant\u00e9n \u010di \u201esanit\u00e1rn\u00edho kordonu,\u201c kter\u00fd uchr\u00e1nil rakouskou monarchii p\u0159ed hrozbou moru z\u00a0osmansk\u00e9ho Turecka, p\u0159es pliv\u00e1tka br\u00e1n\u00edc\u00ed \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed tuberkul\u00f3zy a pestrou \u0161k\u00e1lu hygienick\u00fdch na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v boji se \u0161pan\u011blskou ch\u0159ipkou, a\u017e po \u017e\u00e1dan\u00e9 i odm\u00edtan\u00e9 rou\u0161ky z posledn\u00ed pandemie, kterou Evropa prod\u011blala. Ani chirurgick\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010dba epidemi\u00ed neskon\u010dila u kauter\u016f k vypalov\u00e1n\u00ed morov\u00fdch v\u0159ed\u016f: p\u0159ed zaveden\u00edm o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed byla hlavn\u00ed zbran\u00ed proti z\u00e1\u0161krtu tracheostomie, chirurgick\u00e9 z\u00e1sahy u plicn\u00edch komplikac\u00ed zachr\u00e1nily mnoho nemocn\u00fdch \u0161pan\u011blskou ch\u0159ipkou i\u00a0COVIDem 19. A zapomenout nem\u016f\u017eeme ani na prost\u0159edky na okraji \u010di za hranic\u00ed ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed medic\u00edny, a\u0165 u\u017e v\u011b\u0159\u00edme v jejich \u00fa\u010dinek proti nemoci nebo je pokl\u00e1d\u00e1me za placebo. Homeopatie 19. stolet\u00ed se vyhnula drastick\u00fdm dobov\u00fdm metod\u00e1m l\u00e9\u010dby cholery (proj\u00edmadla, pou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u017eilou \u010di d\u00e1vidla), kter\u00e9 dehydrovan\u00fdm nemocn\u00fdm sp\u00ed\u0161e u\u0161kodily, a spojen\u00edm mal\u00fdch d\u00e1vek l\u00e9\u010div a\u00a0velk\u00fdch d\u00e1vek miner\u00e1ln\u00ed vody dod\u00e1vala tekutiny i nad\u011bji. Infuzn\u00ed terapie se stala \u00fa\u010dinnou a\u00a0bezpe\u010dnou a\u017e na po\u010d\u00e1tku 20. stolet\u00ed, a\u010d o nitro\u017eiln\u00ed zavodn\u011bn\u00ed nemocn\u00fdch se l\u00e9ka\u0159i sna\u017eili ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve. Ani \u00fa\u010dinek medailon\u016f a modliteb \u2013 a\u0165 vz\u00fdvaly svat\u00e9ho Rocha, Roberta Kocha \u010di svatou Coronu \u2013 zanedbat nem\u016f\u017eeme, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b tam, kde v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e1 n\u00e1kaza hroz\u00ed panikou a\u00a0zoufalstv\u00edm.<\/p>\n

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\u0160\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed tuberkul\u00f3zy br\u00e1nily z\u00e1kazy pliv\u00e1n\u00ed na zem. Sklen\u011bnou lahvi\u010dku podle Petera Dettweilera, \u201emodr\u00fd Jind\u0159ich\u201c (1889), m\u011bli naka\u017een\u00ed nosit v\u017edy s sebou. Liter\u00e1rn\u00ed sl\u00e1vu z\u00edskala lahvi\u010dka d\u00edky Kouzeln\u00e9 ho\u0159e Thomase Manna (1924). \/\u00a0 Zdravotnick\u00e9 muzeum NLK, Z 85<\/p><\/div><\/p>\n

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P\u0159\u00edstroj k hrudn\u00ed dren\u00e1\u017ei podle Gottharda B\u00fclaua (1875) v kazet\u011b z bukov\u00e9ho d\u0159eva, Ernst Witte (Solingen), k chirurgick\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010db\u011b plicn\u00edch komplikac\u00ed ch\u0159ipky \/ Zdravotnick\u00e9 muzeum\u00a0 NLK, N 488<\/p><\/div><\/p>\n

To v\u0161echno se v\u00fdstava ve Zdravotnick\u00e9m muzeu sna\u017e\u00ed p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eit. Nevypr\u00e1v\u00ed line\u00e1rn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh od\u00a0nouze, hladu a moru st\u0159edov\u011bku p\u0159es osv\u00edcensk\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed po v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed v\u011bdy, st\u00e1tu a\u00a0mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce nad nemoc\u00ed a strachem. Ukazuje v\u0161ak, co v\u0161echno se v minul\u00fdch stalet\u00edch poda\u0159ilo, a d\u00e1v\u00e1 doufat, \u017ee s \u201eranami\u201c, kter\u00e9 sv\u011bt st\u00e1le su\u017euj\u00ed a kter\u00e9 v budoucnu p\u0159ijdou, si lid\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed poradit.<\/p>\n

Zdravotnick\u00e9 muzeum NLK, kter\u00e9 v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edm roce oslav\u00ed 90 let od zalo\u017een\u00ed, je p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9 bez\u00a0objedn\u00e1n\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dtvrtek mezi 2. a 4. hodinou odpoledn\u00ed a kdykoli v pracovn\u00edch dnech po\u00a0p\u0159edchoz\u00ed domluv\u011b.<\/p>\n

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Citace<\/h2>\r\n

Kr\u00fdsl, \u0160imon. . L\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e1 knihovna<\/i>. Online. 2023, ro\u010d. 28, \u010d. 3-4. ISSN 1804-2031. Dostupn\u00e9 z: https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7898<\/a> [cit. 05.11.2026].\r\n<\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mgr. \u0160imon Kr\u00fdsl, NLK U p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti T\u00fddne knihoven p\u0159ipravilo Zdravotnick\u00e9 muzeum NLK malou v\u00fdstavku v prostor\u00e1ch Informa\u010dn\u00edho centra knihovny. Expozice \u201eOd ne\u0161tovic po COVID\u201c se v\u011bnuje aktu\u00e1ln\u00edmu i kontroverzn\u00edmu t\u00e9matu posledn\u00edch let, o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed. P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh vakcinace v \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00edch za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 na\u00a0p\u0159elomu 18. a 19. stolet\u00ed: u Edwarda Jennera a jeho objevu bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 ochrany p\u0159ed ne\u0161tovicemi, u mocn\u00fdch lid\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b c\u00edsa\u0159ovny Marie Terezie a jej\u00edch d\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nemoc […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":37,"featured_media":0,"parent":7874,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[58],"class_list":["post-7898","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","tag-aktuality"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.6","language":"en","enabled_languages":["cs","en"],"languages":{"cs":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"en":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7898","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/37"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7898"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7898\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8520,"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7898\/revisions\/8520"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7874"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7898"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7898"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7898"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}