{"id":9309,"date":"2025-12-19T12:12:54","date_gmt":"2025-12-19T11:12:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/?page_id=9309"},"modified":"2026-01-15T20:09:49","modified_gmt":"2026-01-15T19:09:49","slug":"zdravi-a-nemoc-v-povedomi-nasich-predku-od-praveku-po-soucasnost-90-leta","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/archiv\/2025-30-3-4\/zdravi-a-nemoc-v-povedomi-nasich-predku-od-praveku-po-soucasnost-90-leta\/","title":{"rendered":"Zdrav\u00ed a nemoc v pov\u011bdom\u00ed na\u0161ich p\u0159edk\u016f od prav\u011bku po sou\u010dasnost: 90. l\u00e9ta"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mgr. Alexandra Sur\u00e1, Ph.D., NLK<\/p>\n

Po\u00a0roce\u00a01989 doch\u00e1z\u00ed v\u00a0d\u016fsledku politick\u00fdch a\u00a0ekonomick\u00fdch zm\u011bn k\u00a0rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 transformaci zdravotnictv\u00ed. V\u00a0r\u00e1mci jeho decentralizace jsou zru\u0161eny Okresn\u00ed \u00fastavy n\u00e1rodn\u00edho zdrav\u00ed (O\u00daNZ) a\u00a0Krajsk\u00e9 \u00fastavy n\u00e1rodn\u00edho zdrav\u00ed (K\u00daNZ). Za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 tak\u00e9 proces privatizace, zejm\u00e9na v oblasti ambulantn\u00edch zdravotnick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb, kter\u00fd prob\u00edh\u00e1 na\u00a0z\u00e1klad\u011b z\u00e1kona \u010d.\u00a0160\/1992\u00a0Sb., o zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di v\u00a0nest\u00e1tn\u00edch zdravotnick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch. V\u00a0jeho d\u016fsledku vznik\u00e1 \u0159ada soukrom\u00fdch ordinac\u00ed. \u010c\u00e1st l\u016f\u017ekov\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed byla p\u0159evedena na\u00a0obce a\u00a0kraje nebo zprivatizov\u00e1na, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e spr\u00e1vu nad\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdmi nemocnicemi pozd\u011bji p\u0159evzalo Ministerstvo zdravotnictv\u00ed. Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed reformy bylo p\u0159ijet\u00ed z\u00e1kona \u010d.\u00a0551\/1991\u00a0Sb. o\u00a0v\u0161eobecn\u00e9m zdravotn\u00edm poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00fd byl v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu nahrazen pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00fapravou. Vznik\u00e1 \u0159ada zdravotn\u00edch poji\u0161\u0165oven, jejich\u017e po\u010det se postupem \u010dasu sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed. Podle Listiny z\u00e1kladn\u00edch pr\u00e1v a\u00a0svobod, vydan\u00e9 pod\u00a0\u010d.\u00a02\/1993\u00a0Sb., je v\u00a0\u010dl\u00e1nku\u00a031 stanoveno, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo na\u00a0ochranu zdrav\u00ed, a \u017ee ob\u010dan\u00e9 maj\u00ed na\u00a0z\u00e1klad\u011b ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo na\u00a0bezplatnou zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di a\u00a0na\u00a0zdravotn\u00ed pom\u016fcky za\u00a0podm\u00ednek, kter\u00e9 stanov\u00ed z\u00e1kon.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0roce\u00a01992\u00a0byl p\u0159ijat Etick\u00fd kodex pr\u00e1v pacient\u016f<\/em>, kter\u00fd v\u00fdznamn\u011b p\u0159isp\u011bl k\u00a0demokratizaci vztahu mezi l\u00e9ka\u0159em a\u00a0pacientem. Zakotvil mimo jin\u00e9 svobodnou volbu zdravotn\u00ed poji\u0161\u0165ovny, pr\u00e1vo na\u00a0\u00faplnou informaci o\u00a0zdravotn\u00edm stavu pacienta, mo\u017enost odm\u00edtnout navr\u017eenou l\u00e9\u010dbu a\u00a0svobodnou volbu l\u00e9ka\u0159e i\u00a0zdravotnick\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.\u00a0[1]<\/p>\n

Jak\u00e9 popul\u00e1rn\u011b nau\u010dn\u00e9 publikace t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se zdrav\u00ed vych\u00e1zely v\u00a090. letech?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Na\u00a0kni\u017en\u00edm trhu se objevuj\u00ed p\u0159eklady zahrani\u010dn\u00edch velkoform\u00e1tov\u00fdch popul\u00e1rn\u011b-nau\u010dn\u00fdch publikac\u00ed, jejich\u017e\u00a0 c\u00edlem je zprost\u0159edkovat poznatky t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se zdrav\u00ed co nej\u0161ir\u0161\u00edmu okruhu \u010dten\u00e1\u0159\u016f srozumitelnou a p\u0159ehlednou formou. Knihy jsou koncipov\u00e1ny s\u00a0ohledem na\u00a0snadn\u00e9 vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0porozum\u011bn\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00fdm informac\u00edm. \u010cten\u00e1\u0159 z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed rady, postupy a\u00a0doporu\u010den\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee uplatnit ve\u00a0sv\u00e9m ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b. Text dopl\u0148uje bohat\u00fd obrazov\u00fd materi\u00e1l\u00a0\u2013\u00a0ilustrace, fotografie, sch\u00e9mata, tabulky, grafy, piktogramy a\u00a0\u010dasto i\u00a0naviga\u010dn\u00ed pruh, tedy barevn\u00fd p\u00e1s ozna\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed kapitoly \u010di tematick\u00e9 celky v\u00a0horn\u00ed nebo okrajov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti str\u00e1nky, kter\u00fd usnad\u0148uje orientaci. V\u00a0t\u00e9to form\u011b vych\u00e1zej\u00ed publikace typu dom\u00e1c\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159<\/em>, ve\u00a0kter\u00fdch jsou shrnuty z\u00e1kladn\u00ed informace o prevenci, p\u0159\u00edznac\u00edch, diagnostice a\u00a0l\u00e9\u010db\u011b nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, <\/strong>dopln\u011bn\u00e9 o\u00a0z\u00e1sady zdrav\u00e9ho \u017eivotn\u00edho stylu, <\/strong>praktick\u00e9 rady pro samol\u00e9\u010dbu, a\u00a0doporu\u010den\u00ed, kdy je vhodn\u00e9 vyhledat odbornou l\u00e9ka\u0159skou pomoc. <\/strong>Mezi takto vydan\u00e9 publikace pat\u0159\u00ed Rodinn\u00fd l\u00e9ka\u0159: dom\u00e1c\u00ed r\u00e1dce<\/em>\u00a0(1993)\u00a0[2], Praktick\u00fd dom\u00e1c\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159<\/em>\u00a0(1992)\u00a0[3], Rodinn\u00e1 encyklopedie zdrav\u00ed\u00a0<\/em>(1993) [4].<\/p>\n

D\u00e1le vych\u00e1zely tituly pro \u017eeny, ve\u00a0kter\u00fdch \u010dten\u00e1\u0159ky nach\u00e1zely rady a\u00a0informace o\u00a0t\u011blesn\u00e9m a\u00a0psychick\u00e9m zdrav\u00ed, jednotliv\u00fdch \u017eivotn\u00edch obdob\u00edch, intimn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b, p\u00e9\u010di o\u00a0t\u011blo i\u00a0kondici. Vych\u00e1z\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad \u017dena od\u00a0A po\u00a0Z:\u00a0Komplexn\u00ed praktick\u00fd r\u00e1dce ve zdrav\u00ed i\u00a0v\u00a0nemoci pro\u00a0\u017eenu ka\u017ed\u00e9ho v\u011bku<\/em> (1993)\u00a0[5], Sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed pro\u00a0\u017eeny: praktick\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edru\u010dka<\/em>\u00a0(1991)\u00a0[6]. V\u00a0uveden\u00e9m form\u00e1tu vych\u00e1zely tak\u00e9 knihy ur\u010den\u00e9 pro\u00a0budouc\u00ed matky. Tyto p\u0159\u00edru\u010dky nab\u00edzely praktick\u00e9 rady t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se po\u010det\u00ed, t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edpravy na\u00a0porod, porodu, kojen\u00ed, \u0161estined\u011bl\u00ed a\u00a0ranou p\u00e9\u010di o\u00a0d\u00edt\u011b. P\u0159\u00edkladem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt Velk\u00e1 kniha o\u00a0matce a\u00a0d\u00edt\u011bti\u00a0<\/em>(1992) [7]. Vych\u00e1zej\u00ed rovn\u011b\u017e publikace zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na zdrav\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad Velk\u00e1 kniha zdrav\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte.<\/em>\u00a0[8]<\/p>\n

V\u00a0tomto obdob\u00ed jsou k\u00a0dispozici tak\u00e9 publikace zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na\u00a0konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed nemoci, kter\u00e9 srozumitelnou formou p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 informace o\u00a0dan\u00e9 nemoci i\u00a0u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 rady, jak ji zvl\u00e1dat v\u00a0ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b. Jejich autory jsou zpravidla \u010de\u0161t\u00ed odborn\u00edci na\u00a0danou oblast. Z\u00a0t\u011bchto publikac\u00ed lze nap\u0159\u00edklad\u00a0 jmenovat tituly: Jak \u017e\u00edt s\u00a0lup\u00e9nkou\u00a0<\/em>(1995)\u00a0[9], Atopick\u00fd ex\u00e9m\u00a0<\/em>(1997)\u00a0[10], \u017divot s astmatem, bronchitidou a\u00a0plicn\u00ed rozedmou\u00a0<\/em>(1994)\u00a0[11], Diabetes mellitus: vysv\u011btlen\u00ed a\u00a0rady <\/em>(1999)\u00a0[12], Epilepsie: z\u00e1kladn\u00ed informace <\/em>(1997)\u00a0[13]. Liga proti rakovin\u011b poskytuje let\u00e1ky ur\u010den\u00e9 pacient\u016fm s\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdmi n\u00e1dorov\u00fdmi onemocn\u011bn\u00edmi, v\u010detn\u011b rakoviny plic, prsu, d\u011blohy, prostaty a\u00a0tlust\u00e9ho st\u0159eva.\u00a0[14,\u00a015,\u00a016,\u00a017,\u00a018]<\/p>\n

\"\"

Kucha\u0159sk\u00e1 kniha z edice Diety pro nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed choroby \/ NLK<\/p><\/div><\/p>\n

Na trhu se objevila \u0161irok\u00e1 \u0161k\u00e1la nov\u00fdch kucha\u0159sk\u00fdch knih zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch na dietoterapii a v\u00fd\u017eivu, ve kter\u00fdch \u010dten\u00e1\u0159 obvykle nalezl z\u00e1kladn\u00ed informace o dan\u00e9m onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, doporu\u010den\u00fd\u00a0 zp\u016fsob stravov\u00e1n\u00ed a v\u00fdb\u011br recept\u016f. Vych\u00e1zej\u00ed publikace v\u011bnovan\u00e9 stravov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i diabetu, p\u0159i onemocn\u011bn\u00ed jater a \u017elu\u010dn\u00edku, p\u0159i vysok\u00e9m krevn\u00edm tlaku, zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 hladin\u011b cholesterolu, osteopor\u00f3ze, onemocn\u011bn\u00ed ledvin a celiakii, Crohnov\u011b chorob\u011b a ulcer\u00f3zn\u00ed kolitid\u011b. [19, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26] Za zm\u00ednku stoj\u00ed edice Diety pro\u00a0nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed choroby<\/em>, ve\u00a0kter\u00e9 vych\u00e1zej\u00ed bro\u017eovan\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edru\u010dky, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed jasnou a\u00a0jednotnou strukturu\u00a0–\u00a0pou\u010den\u00ed pro\u00a0nemocn\u00e9, potraviny zak\u00e1zan\u00e9, potraviny doporu\u010den\u00e9 a recepty.\u00a0<\/strong><\/em>[21,\u00a022,\u00a023] Nechyb\u011bly ani kucha\u0159ky pro\u00a0redukci v\u00e1hy, nab\u00edzej\u00edc\u00ed n\u00edzkokalorick\u00e9 recepty a\u00a0praktick\u00e9 tipy pro\u00a0ka\u017edodenn\u00ed va\u0159en\u00ed.\u00a0[27] D\u00e1le jsou vyd\u00e1v\u00e1ny kucha\u0159sk\u00e9 knihy v\u011bnovan\u00e9 alternativn\u00edm sm\u011br\u016fm ve v\u00fd\u017eiv\u011b, nap\u0159\u00edklad makrobiotice zalo\u017een\u00e9 na\u00a0vyv\u00e1\u017eenosti princip\u016f jin a\u00a0jang\u00a0[28], d\u011blen\u00e9 strav\u011b odd\u011bluj\u00edc\u00ed sacharidy a b\u00edlkoviny\u00a0[29], diet\u011b podle krevn\u00edch skupin, p\u0159edpokl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed vhodnost potravin podle genetick\u00fdch predispozic jednotlivce\u00a0[30], vegansk\u00e9 a\u00a0vegetari\u00e1nsk\u00e9 kucha\u0159ky zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na\u00a0rostlinn\u00e9 zdroje \u017eivin\u00a0[31] a\u00a0kucha\u0159ky \u00e1jurv\u00e9dsk\u00e9, inspirovan\u00e9 starov\u011bk\u00fdm indick\u00fdm u\u010den\u00edm a\u00a0kladouc\u00ed d\u016fraz nejen na\u00a0v\u00fdb\u011br potravin, ale i\u00a0na\u00a0jejich spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 kombinov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpravu\u00a0[32].<\/p>\n

Rovn\u011b\u017e se objevuje \u0161irok\u00e1 nab\u00eddka literatury zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na\u00a0esoteriku a\u00a0alternativn\u00ed zp\u016fsoby l\u00e9\u010dby. Tento fenom\u00e9n odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed nejen rostouc\u00ed z\u00e1jem ve\u0159ejnosti o\u00a0netradi\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupy k\u00a0zdrav\u00ed a\u00a0spiritualit\u011b, ale tak\u00e9 volnost, kterou lid\u00e9 z\u00edskali po\u00a0politick\u00fdch zm\u011bn\u00e1ch.\u00a0<\/strong>[33,\u00a034]<\/p>\n

Jak\u00e9 bylo pov\u011bdom\u00ed o nekonven\u010dn\u00ed\u00a0 medic\u00edn\u011b v 90. letech 20. stolet\u00ed?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Po\u00a0roce\u00a01989 nastal v\u00a0\u010desk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti v\u00fdrazn\u00fd rozmach nekonven\u010dn\u00ed medic\u00edny. Do\u00a0t\u00e9 doby se o\u00a0tuto oblast zaj\u00edmal jen \u00fazk\u00fd okruh z\u00e1jemc\u016f, v\u011bt\u0161ina aktivit prob\u00edhala neofici\u00e1ln\u011b a\u00a0kontakty na\u00a0lidov\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010ditele se \u0161\u00ed\u0159ily osobn\u00edm doporu\u010den\u00edm. Mezi l\u00e9\u010ditelsk\u00e9 osobnosti t\u00e9 doby pat\u0159ili l\u00e9\u010ditel a\u00a0bylink\u00e1\u0159 Jan Mikol\u00e1\u0161ek\u00a0(1889\u20131973), filosof, l\u00e9\u010ditel a\u00a0biotronik Josef Zezulka\u00a0(1912\u20131992) \u010di su\u0161ick\u00fd kn\u011bz Franti\u0161ek Ferda\u00a0(1915\u20131991). Otev\u0159en\u00ed hranic p\u0159ineslo mo\u017enost setkat se s\u00a0nov\u00fdmi my\u0161lenkov\u00fdmi sm\u011bry a\u00a0l\u00e9\u010debn\u00fdmi postupy. Po\u00a0obdob\u00ed centralizovan\u00e9ho zdravotnictv\u00ed, kdy v\u011bdeck\u00e1 medic\u00edna byla jedin\u00fdm modelem zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de a\u00a0l\u00e9\u010dba pat\u0159ila do\u00a0kompetence l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f, se objevila nekonven\u010dn\u00ed medic\u00edna, kter\u00e1 nab\u00edzela n\u011bco nov\u00e9ho:\u00a0mo\u017enost aktivn\u00edho rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed o\u00a0sv\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010db\u011b, osobn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup a\u00a0celostn\u00ed pohled na\u00a0t\u011blo. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tento zp\u016fsob pr\u00e1ce s pacientem vzbudil u\u00a0mnoh\u00fdch lid\u00ed z\u00e1jem a\u00a0d\u016fv\u011bru, zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0kontrastu s\u00a0p\u0159edchoz\u00ed zku\u0161enost\u00ed s\u00a0autoritativn\u00edm a\u00a0institucionalizovan\u00fdm zdravotnictv\u00edm. Na\u00a0ministerstvu zdravotnictv\u00ed byla po\u00a0revoluci na\u00a0kr\u00e1tkou dobu z\u0159\u00edzena Komise pro alternativn\u00ed medic\u00ednu.\u00a0[1,\u00a033,\u00a034]<\/p>\n

Homeopatie, kter\u00e1 byla po\u00a0druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce prohl\u00e1\u0161ena za\u00a0nev\u011bdeckou, a\u00a0jej\u00ed provozov\u00e1n\u00ed bylo zak\u00e1zan\u00e9, si po\u00a0roce\u00a01989 nach\u00e1z\u00ed sv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznivce. Jedn\u00e1 se o\u00a0alternativn\u00ed l\u00e9\u010debnou metodu, kter\u00e1 vych\u00e1z\u00ed z\u00a0principu podobn\u00e9 se l\u00e9\u010d\u00ed podobn\u00fdm<\/em>, a\u00a0u\u00a0kter\u00e9 se k\u00a0l\u00e9\u010db\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed siln\u011b \u0159ed\u011bn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpravky.\u00a0 Po\u00a0revoluci se za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed formovat prvn\u00ed homeopatick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti a organizace. P\u0159i\u00a0tehdej\u0161\u00edm Institutu pro\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f a\u00a0farmaceut\u016f byla z\u0159\u00edzena subkatedra homeopatie, kter\u00e1 existovala do\u00a0roku\u00a02005.\u00a0[1,\u00a033]<\/p>\n

Mo\u017enost l\u00e9\u010dby homeopati\u00ed byla nab\u00edzena n\u011bkter\u00fdmi l\u00e9ka\u0159i; v\u00a0\u010dek\u00e1rn\u00e1ch zdravotnick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed byly umis\u0165ov\u00e1ny let\u00e1ky a\u00a0informa\u010dn\u00ed materi\u00e1ly. Homeopatika za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed b\u00fdt dostupn\u00e1 tak\u00e9 v\u00a0l\u00e9k\u00e1rn\u00e1ch. Pro\u00a0\u0161irokou ve\u0159ejnost jsou organizov\u00e1ny kurzy a\u00a0semin\u00e1\u0159e, na\u00a0kter\u00fdch jsou p\u0159edstavov\u00e1ny principy a\u00a0mo\u017enosti t\u00e9to alternativn\u00ed terapie. Krom\u011b publikac\u00ed ur\u010den\u00fdch prim\u00e1rn\u011b pro\u00a0z\u00e1jemce o\u00a0studium homeopatie, vych\u00e1zely tak\u00e9 tituly zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na\u00a0samol\u00e9\u010dbu pomoc\u00ed homeopatick\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f, nap\u0159\u00edklad Homeopatie: jak se m\u016f\u017eeme sami l\u00e9\u010dit\u00a0<\/em>(1992)\u00a0[35], Homeopatie: praktick\u00fd pr\u016fvodce ka\u017edodenn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010d\u00ed o\u00a0zdrav\u00ed<\/em>\u00a0(1995)\u00a0[36], Homeopatick\u00e1 samol\u00e9\u010dba<\/em>\u00a0(1995)\u00a0<\/em>[37], Praktick\u00e1 homeopatie\u00a0–\u00a0cesta ke\u00a0zdrav\u00ed, r\u00e1dce pro\u00a0celou rodinu<\/em>\u00a0(1997)\u00a0[38].<\/p>\n

K dal\u0161\u00edm nekonven\u010dn\u00edm zp\u016fsob\u016fm p\u00e9\u010de o zdrav\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u00ed \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e1 medic\u00edna (T\u010cM), kter\u00e1 zahrnuje n\u011bkolik l\u00e9\u010debn\u00fdch a profylaktick\u00fdch postup\u016f, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e mezi z\u00e1kladn\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed akupunktura, dietika, tuina, tradi\u010dn\u00ed \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 cvi\u010den\u00ed \u010cchi-kung a fytoterapie.\u00a0P\u0159ed\u00a0revoluc\u00ed byla v\u00a0pov\u011bdom\u00ed ve\u0159ejnosti p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm akupunktura, kterou mohli vykon\u00e1vat pouze l\u00e9ka\u0159i na\u00a0z\u00e1klad\u011b povolen\u00ed Ministerstva zdravotnictv\u00ed \u010cSR.\u00a0[1,\u00a033,\u00a039,\u00a040,\u00a041,\u00a043] K\u00a0\u0161ir\u0161\u00edmu z\u00e1jmu ve\u0159ejnosti o\u00a0tradi\u010dn\u00ed \u010d\u00ednskou medic\u00ednu p\u0159isp\u011bla tak\u00e9 kniha Kovem a\u00a0ohn\u011bm\u00a0<\/em>(1974), vydan\u00e1 v\u00a070. letech, ve\u00a0kter\u00e9 jej\u00ed autor V\u00e1clav Kajdo\u0161 p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eil historii \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed a\u00a0sezn\u00e1mil \u010dten\u00e1\u0159e s\u00a0principy\u00a0T\u010cM, jej\u00edmi diagnostick\u00fdmi a\u00a0l\u00e9\u010debn\u00fdmi metodami.\u00a0[40] Dal\u0161\u00ed publikac\u00ed, kter\u00e1 podn\u00edtila z\u00e1jem o\u00a0tuto oblast, je legend\u00e1rn\u00ed bestseller K\u0159\u00ed\u017eovka \u017eivota<\/em> Josefa Jon\u00e1\u0161e, vydan\u00e1 v\u00a0roce\u00a01988, ve\u00a0kter\u00e9 autor v\u00a0r\u00e1mci orient\u00e1ln\u00ed medic\u00edny p\u0159edstavuje vybran\u00e9 metody tradi\u010dn\u00ed \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 medic\u00edny.\u00a0[41] Po\u00a0revoluci se v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm p\u0159edstavitelem tradi\u010dn\u00ed \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 medic\u00edny stala \u010ceskoslovensk\u00e1 SinoBiologick\u00e1 spole\u010dnost, kter\u00e1 byla zalo\u017eena v\u00a0roce\u00a01990. V\u00a0t\u00e9m\u017ee roce je zalo\u017eena 1.\u00a0\u0161kola tradi\u010dn\u00ed \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 medic\u00edny. Pod\u00a0z\u00e1\u0161titou uveden\u00fdch instituc\u00ed za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed b\u00fdt po\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1ny kurzy a\u00a0semin\u00e1\u0159e, kter\u00e9 krom\u011b l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f a\u00a0zdravotn\u00edk\u016f mohou absolvovat i\u00a0laici.\u00a0[39] Z\u00a0publikac\u00ed vydan\u00fdch v\u00a090. letech, kter\u00e9 jsou prim\u00e1rn\u011b ur\u010den\u00e9 laick\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnosti, lze uv\u00e9st nap\u0159\u00edklad Pr\u016fvodce \u010d\u00ednskou medic\u00ednou\u00a0<\/em>(1996)\u00a0[44], Cesta b\u00edl\u00e9ho je\u0159\u00e1ba, aneb tajupln\u00e1 pou\u0165 do\u00a0\u0161er\u00e9ho d\u00e1vnov\u011bku JIN a\u00a0JANGU\u00a0<\/em>(1998)\u00a0<\/em>[45] \u010di Mo\u0159e jang\u016f\u00a0<\/em>(1998<\/em>)\u00a0[46].<\/p>\n

Vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed l\u00e9\u010div\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dink\u016f bylin m\u011blo v \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00edch dlouhou tradici. Je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed rokem 1989 lid\u00e9 b\u011b\u017en\u011b sahali po osv\u011bd\u010den\u00fdch dom\u00e1c\u00edch receptech. Pat\u0159ilo k nim nap\u0159\u00edklad vyu\u017eit\u00ed podb\u011blu p\u0159i ka\u0161li, lopuchu a kop\u0159ivy na podporu r\u016fstu vlas\u016f, jitrocele a \u0159ap\u00edku na drobn\u00e1 poran\u011bn\u00ed \u010di odvaru dubov\u00e9 k\u016fry do hojiv\u00e9 sedac\u00ed koupele doporu\u010dovan\u00e9 p\u0159i hemeroidech a pro podporu hojen\u00ed nast\u0159i\u017een\u00e9 hr\u00e1ze po porodu. I v obdob\u00ed socialismu vy\u0161lo n\u011bkolik publikac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 poskytovaly informace o l\u00e9\u010div\u00fdch rostlin\u00e1ch, nap\u0159. Zelen\u00e1 l\u00e9k\u00e1rna <\/em>(1985) [47],\u00a0Kapesn\u00ed atlas l\u00e9\u010div\u00fdch rostlin\u00a0<\/em>(1986) [48] \u010di kritick\u00e9 vyd\u00e1n\u00ed Mathioliho herb\u00e1\u0159e pod n\u00e1zvem Herb\u00e1\u0159, jinak Bylin\u00e1\u0159, velmi u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd\u00a0<\/em>(1982)\u00a0[49]. K\u00a0\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed pov\u011bdom\u00ed o\u00a0l\u00e9\u010div\u00fdch rostlin\u00e1ch p\u0159isp\u011bl tak\u00e9 sb\u011br a\u00a0v\u00fdkup bylin po\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fd n\u011bkter\u00fdmi st\u00e1tn\u00edmi podniky \u010di organizovan\u00fd sb\u011br l\u00e9\u010div\u00fdch rostlin na\u00a0z\u00e1kladn\u00edch \u0161kol\u00e1ch. Su\u0161en\u00e9 byliny byly taky dostupn\u00e9 nejen ve\u00a0specializovan\u00fdch prodejn\u00e1ch, ale i\u00a0v\u00a0l\u00e9k\u00e1rn\u00e1ch.\u00a0[50] Po\u00a0sametov\u00e9 revoluci do\u0161lo k\u00a0v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu o\u017eiven\u00ed z\u00e1jmu o\u00a0l\u00e9\u010div\u00e9 rostliny, a\u00a0to zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0rostouc\u00ed popularitou nekonven\u010dn\u00ed medic\u00edny a\u00a0alternativn\u00edch metod l\u00e9\u010dby. Na trhu se za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed objevovat nov\u00e9 knihy zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na\u00a0fytoterapii, z\u00a0nich\u017e v\u00a0t\u00e9 dob\u011b st\u00e1ly v\u00a0pop\u0159ed\u00ed sedmid\u00edln\u00fd Herb\u00e1\u0159 l\u00e9\u010div\u00fdch rostlin\u00a0<\/em>(1994-1999) autor\u016f Ji\u0159\u00edho Jan\u010di a\u00a0Josefa A.\u00a0Zentricha, <\/strong>kter\u00fd obsahoval komplexn\u00ed p\u0159ehled l\u00e9\u010div\u00fdch rostlin, v\u010detn\u011b informac\u00ed o\u00a0jejich \u00fa\u010dinc\u00edch a\u00a0zp\u016fsobu zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed\u00a0[51], a\u00a0kniha Zdrav\u00ed z\u00a0Bo\u017e\u00ed l\u00e9k\u00e1rny\u00a0<\/em>(1991) rakousk\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010ditelky Marie Treben\u00a0[52]. Rovn\u011b\u017e vznikaly specializovan\u00e9 obchody s\u00a0bylinn\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edpravky, kter\u00e9 byly \u010dasto spojeny s\u00a0poradenskou \u010dinnost\u00ed. Bylinn\u00e9 produkty postupn\u011b zaplnily trh a\u00a0staly se b\u011b\u017enou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed nab\u00eddky alternativn\u00ed medic\u00edny.<\/p>\n

V\u00a090.\u00a0letech se za\u010daly v\u00fdrazn\u011b prosazovat tak\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed alternativn\u00ed l\u00e9\u010debn\u00e9 metody, nap\u0159\u00edklad \u00e1jurv\u00e9da, aromaterapie, l\u00e9\u010div\u00e1 energie pyramid, krystaloterapie \u010di biotronika.\u00a0[33,\u00a034]<\/p>\n

V\u00fdznamnou roli p\u0159i\u00a0popularizaci alternativn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f k\u00a0l\u00e9\u010db\u011b sehr\u00e1la m\u00e9dia. V\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch periodik\u00e1ch jsou p\u0159edstavov\u00e1ny r\u016fzn\u00e9 metody nekonven\u010dn\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dby, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b jsou v\u00a0r\u00e1mci reklam nab\u00edzeny jejich slu\u017eby \u010di produkty. Televizn\u00ed stanice zvou odborn\u00edky z\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch sm\u011br\u016f alternativn\u00ed medic\u00edny do\u00a0sv\u00fdch diskusn\u00edch, lifestylov\u00fdch \u010di rann\u00edch zpravodajsko-publicistick\u00fdch po\u0159ad\u016f. Podobn\u011b i\u00a0rozhlas d\u00e1val t\u011bmto expert\u016fm prostor, aby p\u0159edstavili principy jednotliv\u00fdch metod a\u00a0odpov\u00eddali na\u00a0dotazy poslucha\u010d\u016f.\u00a0[53]<\/p>\n

Jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem byla ve\u0159ejnost informov\u00e1na o problematice drog?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Po\u00a0roce\u00a01989 do\u0161lo k z\u00e1sadn\u00edm spole\u010densk\u00fdm, politick\u00fdm a\u00a0ekonomick\u00fdm zm\u011bn\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 vytvo\u0159ily podm\u00ednky pro expanzi omamn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek. Otev\u0159en\u00ed hranic a\u00a0s\u00a0n\u00edm spojen\u00fd voln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pohyb osob i\u00a0zbo\u017e\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161ilo jejich dostupnost. K\u00a0\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed drog nav\u00edc p\u0159isp\u011blo pronik\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch z\u00e1padn\u00edch vliv\u016f a\u00a0subkultur, v\u010detn\u011b rave a\u00a0klubov\u00e9 kultury do\u00a0\u010desk\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159inesly nov\u00e9 typy drog. Ekonomick\u00e9 zm\u011bny a\u00a0nejistota spojen\u00e1 s transformac\u00ed spole\u010dnosti nav\u00edc vytv\u00e1\u0159ely prost\u0159ed\u00ed, v\u00a0n\u011bm\u017e byli n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 n\u00e1chyln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed k experimentov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0rizikov\u00e9mu chov\u00e1n\u00ed. Ve\u00a0spojitosti s\u00a0u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm drog stoupala kriminalita. Uk\u00e1zalo se jako nutn\u00e9, aby ve\u0159ejnost, kter\u00e1 si dosud spojovala u\u017eivatele drog s\u00a0fe\u0165\u00e1ck\u00fdmi doupaty<\/em>, byla obezn\u00e1mena s\u00a0novou realitou. Drogy jsou nyn\u00ed nab\u00edzeny na\u00a0ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch m\u00edstech, diskot\u00e9k\u00e1ch, barech, v\u00a0klubech, hudebn\u00edch festivalech, dokonce i\u00a0p\u0159ed \u0161kolami. Osoby pod\u00a0vlivem drog se pohybuj\u00ed na\u00a0ve\u0159ejnosti, a\u00a0jejich chov\u00e1n\u00ed nez\u0159\u00eddka obt\u011b\u017euje \u010di ohro\u017euje ostatn\u00ed.\u00a0[54,\u00a055]<\/p>\n

Odborn\u00edci z\u00a0\u0159ad zdravotn\u00edk\u016f, politik\u016f a\u00a0kriminalist\u016f zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee je nezbytn\u00e9 tento probl\u00e9m \u0159e\u0161it. V\u00a0roce\u00a01990 vznik\u00e1 Komise vl\u00e1dy \u010cSFR pro\u00a0narkotika<\/strong>, kter\u00e1 p\u016fsobila jenom kr\u00e1tce a zanikla s\u00a0rozpadem federace. V\u00a0listopadu\u00a01991 je vytvo\u0159en centralizovan\u00fd specializovan\u00fd \u00fatvar zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fd na\u00a0boj proti drogov\u00e9 kriminalit\u011b Protidrogov\u00e1 brig\u00e1da Feder\u00e1ln\u00edho policejn\u00edho sboru<\/strong> (pozd\u011bji N\u00e1rodn\u00ed protidrogov\u00e1 centr\u00e1la). Roku\u00a01993 vznikla Meziresortn\u00ed protidrogov\u00e1 komise, slo\u017een\u00e1 z\u00a0ministr\u016f, a\u00a0byla p\u0159ijata prvn\u00ed vl\u00e1dn\u00ed Koncepce protidrogov\u00e9 politiky, jej\u00ed\u017e pozornost se soust\u0159edila na\u00a0t\u0159i oblasti:\u00a0budov\u00e1n\u00ed koordina\u010dn\u00edch struktur na\u00a0centr\u00e1ln\u00ed i\u00a0region\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00farovni, rozvoj prim\u00e1rn\u00ed prevence a\u00a0zaveden\u00ed syst\u00e9mu sb\u011bru dat o\u00a0drog\u00e1ch. Rovn\u011b\u017e jsou zakl\u00e1d\u00e1ny organizace zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na\u00a0pomoc lidem u\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edm drogy. V\u00a0roce\u00a01990 byla zalo\u017eena organizace Sananim, kter\u00e1 otev\u0159ela prvn\u00ed terapeutickou komunitu v\u00a0N\u011bm\u010dic\u00edch. O rok pozd\u011bji vznikla Spole\u010dnost Podan\u00e9 ruce, je\u017e zah\u00e1jila resocializa\u010dn\u00ed program pro\u00a0dlouhodob\u011b z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na\u00a0Morav\u011b a\u00a0rozv\u00edjela ter\u00e9nn\u00ed pr\u00e1ci p\u0159\u00edmo v\u00a0prost\u0159ed\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u016f drog. St\u0159edisko prevence a l\u00e9\u010dby drogov\u00fdch z\u00e1vislost\u00ed Drop In zavedlo substitu\u010dn\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dbu a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ilo ter\u00e9nn\u00ed programy. V\u00a0roce\u00a01995 byl v\u00a0Psychiatrick\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010debn\u011b \u010cerven\u00fd dv\u016fr otev\u0159en detoxifika\u010dn\u00ed \u00fastav.\u00a0[54,\u00a055,\u00a056]<\/p>\n

Osv\u011btov\u00e1 kampa\u0148, kter\u00e1 prob\u00edh\u00e1 prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm m\u00e9di\u00ed, \u0161kol, ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch akc\u00ed, p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ek a\u00a0informa\u010dn\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f, informuje o\u00a0tom, co jsou drogy, kter\u00e9 druhy omamn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek jsou v\u00a0\u010cech\u00e1ch nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, jak\u00e9 maj\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky a\u00a0jak\u00e1 jsou s\u00a0jejich u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm spojen\u00e1 zdravotn\u00ed rizika, a\u00a0tak\u00e9, co je z\u00e1vislost a\u00a0jak se projevuje abstinen\u010dn\u00ed syndrom \u010di p\u0159ed\u00e1vkov\u00e1n\u00ed. Stejn\u011b tak poskytuje informace o\u00a0m\u00edstech, kde hroz\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed nab\u00eddky drog, o\u00a0nejohro\u017een\u011bj\u0161\u00edch skupin\u00e1ch populace, o\u00a0zp\u016fsobech, jak rozpoznat, \u017ee bl\u00edzk\u00e1 osoba drogy u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1, a\u00a0o\u00a0tom, kde je mo\u017en\u00e9 vyhledat pomoc.\u00a0[56]<\/p>\n

\"\"

P\u0159\u00edru\u010dka k drogov\u00e9 problematice \/ NLK<\/p><\/div><\/p>\n

Vych\u00e1zej\u00ed informa\u010dn\u00ed materi\u00e1ly ur\u010den\u00e9 jednotliv\u00fdm popula\u010dn\u00edm skupin\u00e1m; pro u\u017eivatele drog je nap\u0159\u00edklad ur\u010dena bro\u017eura s n\u00e1zvem \u201a\u2026kdy\u017e u\u017e bere\u0161\u2026\u2018\u00a0<\/em>(1999), kter\u00e1 p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ehled zdravotn\u00edch rizik spojen\u00fdch s\u00a0u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm drog, doporu\u010den\u00ed, jak tato rizika minimalizovat, a\u00a0pokyny, jak jednat v\u00a0kritick\u00fdch situac\u00edch.\u00a0[57] Pro\u00a0rodi\u010de jsou p\u0159ipraveny publikace Drogov\u00e1 z\u00e1vislost: M\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt ohro\u017eeno i Va\u0161e d\u00edt\u011b?\u00a0<\/em>(1994), Alkohol, drogy a va\u0161e d\u011bti <\/em>(1992), kter\u00e9 krom\u011b z\u00e1kladn\u00edch informac\u00ed o drog\u00e1ch nab\u00edzej\u00ed rady, jak mluvit s\u00a0d\u011btmi a\u00a0mladistv\u00fdmi o\u00a0n\u00e1vykov\u00fdch l\u00e1tk\u00e1ch, jak rozpoznat varovn\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, na\u00a0kter\u00e9 zm\u011bny chov\u00e1n\u00ed si d\u00e1vat pozor a\u00a0kam se obr\u00e1tit o\u00a0pomoc.\u00a0[58,\u00a059] Mladistv\u00fdm, rodi\u010d\u016fm a\u00a0pedagog\u016fm byla ur\u010dena publikace Lesk a\u00a0b\u00edda drog\u00a0<\/em>(1999)\u00a0[60]. Publikace ur\u010den\u00e9 pedagog\u016fm poskytuj\u00ed postupy a\u00a0techniky zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na\u00a0prevenci u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed drog d\u011btmi a\u00a0mladistv\u00fdmi, nap\u0159.\u00a0Metodika protidrogov\u00e9 prevence pro pedagogy<\/em>. [61] Ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 pov\u011bdom\u00ed o drog\u00e1ch se tak\u00e9\u00a0 utv\u00e1\u0159elo na z\u00e1klad\u011b osobn\u00ed zku\u0161enosti, nap\u0159\u00edklad kdy\u017e lidem byla droga nab\u00eddnuta nebo se setkali s osobou pod vlivem drog. M\u00e9dia, kter\u00e1 ji\u017e nejsou zat\u00ed\u017eena cenzurou, o probl\u00e9mu bez obalu informuj\u00ed, jak ve zpravodajstv\u00ed, v diskuzn\u00edch po\u0159adech, dokumentech \u010di report\u00e1\u017e\u00edch. Do ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho slovn\u00edku vstoupily pojmy jako sma\u017eka<\/em> \u010di fetka,<\/em> spojen\u00fdmi s\u00a0osobou v\u00fdrazn\u011b podvy\u017eivenou, se zanedbanou hygienou, \u0161pinav\u00fdm oble\u010den\u00edm, z\u00e1pachem \u010di bol\u00e1ky po\u00a0t\u011ble.<\/em> Rostouc\u00ed dostupnost neleg\u00e1ln\u00edch l\u00e1tek byla tak\u00e9 v pov\u011bdom\u00ed lid\u00ed spojov\u00e1na s aktivitami nov\u011b vznikaj\u00edc\u00edch krimin\u00e1ln\u00edch skupin a balk\u00e1nskou mafi\u00ed. Sametov\u00e1 revoluce p\u0159inesla svobodu a\u00a0mo\u017enosti, kter\u00e9 v\u00a0obdob\u00ed totality nebyly mysliteln\u00e9. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u0161ak odhalila slab\u00e1 m\u00edsta spole\u010dnosti, jejich\u017e \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed se stalo v\u00fdzvou pro\u00a0budouc\u00ed sm\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed zem\u011b.<\/p>\n

Literatura:<\/h3>\n
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    \r\n

    Citace<\/h2>\r\n

    SUR\u00c1, Alexandra. . L\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e1 knihovna<\/i>. Online. 2025, ro\u010d. 30, \u010d. 3-4. ISSN 1804-2031. Dostupn\u00e9 z: https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9309<\/a> [cit. 05.11.2026].\r\n<\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Mgr. Alexandra Sur\u00e1, Ph.D., NLK Po\u00a0roce\u00a01989 doch\u00e1z\u00ed v\u00a0d\u016fsledku politick\u00fdch a\u00a0ekonomick\u00fdch zm\u011bn k\u00a0rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 transformaci zdravotnictv\u00ed. V\u00a0r\u00e1mci jeho decentralizace jsou zru\u0161eny Okresn\u00ed \u00fastavy n\u00e1rodn\u00edho zdrav\u00ed (O\u00daNZ) a\u00a0Krajsk\u00e9 \u00fastavy n\u00e1rodn\u00edho zdrav\u00ed (K\u00daNZ). Za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 tak\u00e9 proces privatizace, zejm\u00e9na v oblasti ambulantn\u00edch zdravotnick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb, kter\u00fd prob\u00edh\u00e1 na\u00a0z\u00e1klad\u011b z\u00e1kona \u010d.\u00a0160\/1992\u00a0Sb., o zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di v\u00a0nest\u00e1tn\u00edch zdravotnick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch. V\u00a0jeho d\u016fsledku vznik\u00e1 \u0159ada soukrom\u00fdch ordinac\u00ed. \u010c\u00e1st […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"featured_media":0,"parent":9335,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[56],"class_list":["post-9309","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","tag-clanky"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.6","language":"en","enabled_languages":["cs","en"],"languages":{"cs":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"en":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9309","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9309"}],"version-history":[{"count":22,"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9309\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9525,"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9309\/revisions\/9525"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9335"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9309"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9309"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/casopis.nlk.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9309"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}